# Swift Programming Language

## Debian Packaging Process
Run "fetch_sources_and_prep_build" to download, extract, rename, and recompress the sources. This is necessary as many of the released tarballs have the same name and include directory structures having names different from what the Swift build scripts are expecting.

It also builds the swiftlang_\<version\> directory with all sources in it and copies in the "debian" directory so that it is ready to build with debuild.

## Hello, World! Example

SwiftPM is the packaging manager tool which can be used to help handle dependencies, but it also makes a simple Hello, world! example. First create a working directory:
```
mkdir hello_world;cd hello_world
```

Create a package named "hello_world":
```
swift package init --name hello_world --type executable
```

Compile and run:
```
swift run
```

Swift writes the binary that is built as .build/debug/hello_world
If you want to see the code that was generated automatically by SwiftPM, it is in Sources/hello_world/hello_world.swift

Another way to create a simple program is to create a file called hello.swift that contains the following line:
```
print("Hello, world!")
```

Now you can execute the script with the command `swift hello.swift` or compile it into a binary with `swiftc hello.swift` then run `./hello`.


## WebAssembly
WebAssembly support is not included as part of this toolchain package. To install
WASM use one of the `swift sdk install ...` commands located in an appropriate
release version at https://github.com/swiftwasm/swift/releases

Not including WASM in the Debian toolchain package is a recommendation of upstream
to address the issues encountered when building against the Debian package wasi-libc
as building a private copy of wasi-libc for Swift use is not permitted by Debian
policy. This decision will be reevaluated with new upstream releases.


## Welcome to Swift

Swift is a high-performance system programming language.  It has a clean
and modern syntax, offers seamless access to existing C and Objective-C code
and frameworks, and is memory safe by default.

Although inspired by Objective-C and many other languages, Swift is not itself a
C-derived language. As a complete and independent language, Swift packages core
features like flow control, data structures, and functions, with high-level
constructs like objects, protocols, closures, and generics. Swift embraces
modules, eliminating the need for headers and the code duplication they entail.

To learn more about the programming language, visit [swift.org](https://swift.org/documentation/).

- [Contributing to Swift](#contributing-to-swift)
- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
  - [Swift Toolchains](#swift-toolchains)
  - [Build Failures](#build-failures)
- [Learning More](#learning-more)

## Contributing to Swift

Contributions to Swift are welcomed and encouraged! Please see the
[Contributing to Swift guide](https://swift.org/contributing/).

To be a truly great community, [Swift.org](https://swift.org/) needs to welcome
developers from all walks of life, with different backgrounds, and with a wide
range of experience. A diverse and friendly community will have more great
ideas, more unique perspectives, and produce more great code. We will work
diligently to make the Swift community welcoming to everyone.

To give clarity of what is expected of our members, Swift has adopted the
code of conduct defined by the Contributor Covenant. This document is used
across many open source communities, and we think it articulates our values
well. For more, see the [Code of Conduct](https://swift.org/code-of-conduct/).

## Getting Started

If you are interested in:
- Contributing fixes and features to the compiler: See our
  [How to Submit Your First Pull Request guide](/docs/HowToGuides/FirstPullRequest.md).
- Building the compiler as a one-off: See our [Getting Started guide][].
- Building a toolchain as a one-off: Follow the [Getting Started guide][]
  up until the "Building the project" section. After that, follow the
  instructions in the [Swift Toolchains](#swift-toolchains) section below.

We also have an [FAQ](/docs/HowToGuides/FAQ.md) that answers common questions.

[Getting Started guide]: /docs/HowToGuides/GettingStarted.md

### Swift Toolchains

#### Building

Swift toolchains are created using the script
[build-toolchain](https://github.com/swiftlang/swift/blob/main/utils/build-toolchain). This
script is used by swift.org's CI to produce snapshots and can allow for one to
locally reproduce such builds for development or distribution purposes. A typical
invocation looks like the following:

```
  $ ./swift/utils/build-toolchain $BUNDLE_PREFIX
```

where ``$BUNDLE_PREFIX`` is a string that will be prepended to the build
date to give the bundle identifier of the toolchain's ``Info.plist``. For
instance, if ``$BUNDLE_PREFIX`` was ``com.example``, the toolchain
produced will have the bundle identifier ``com.example.YYYYMMDD``. It
will be created in the directory you run the script with a filename
of the form: ``swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz``.

Beyond building the toolchain, ``build-toolchain`` also supports the
following (non-exhaustive) set of useful options::

- ``--dry-run``: Perform a dry run build. This is off by default.
- ``--test``: Test the toolchain after it has been compiled. This is off by default.
- ``--distcc``: Use distcc to speed up the build by distributing the c++ part of
  the swift build. This is off by default.
- ``--sccache``: Use sccache to speed up subsequent builds of the compiler by
  caching more c++ build artifacts. This is off by default.

More options may be added over time. Please pass ``--help`` to
``build-toolchain`` to see the full set of options.

#### Installing into Xcode

On macOS if one wants to install such a toolchain into Xcode:

1. Untar and copy the toolchain to one of `/Library/Developer/Toolchains/` or
   `~/Library/Developer/Toolchains/`. E.x.:

```
  $ sudo tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz -C /
  $ tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz -C ~/
```

The script also generates an archive containing debug symbols which
can be installed over the main archive allowing symbolication of any
compiler crashes.

```
  $ sudo tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx-symbols.tar.gz -C /
  $ tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx-symbols.tar.gz -C ~/
```

2. Specify the local toolchain for Xcode's use via `Xcode->Toolchains`.

### Build Failures

Try the suggestions in
[Troubleshooting build issues](/docs/HowToGuides/GettingStarted.md#troubleshooting-build-issues).

Make sure you are using the
[correct release](/docs/HowToGuides/GettingStarted.md#installing-dependencies)
of Xcode.

If you have changed Xcode versions but still encounter errors that appear to
be related to the Xcode version, try passing `--clean` to `build-script`.

When a new version of Xcode is released, you can update your build without
recompiling the entire project by passing `--reconfigure` to `build-script`.

## Learning More

Be sure to look at the [documentation index](/docs/README.md) for a bird's eye
view of the available documentation. In particular, the documents titled
[Debugging the Swift Compiler](docs/DebuggingTheCompiler.md) and
[Continuous Integration for Swift](docs/ContinuousIntegration.md) are very
helpful to understand before submitting your first PR.
