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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import logging
       4import re
       5import typing as t
       6
       7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       9    Dialect,
      10    NormalizationStrategy,
      11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
      12    binary_from_function,
      13    date_add_interval_sql,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    filter_array_using_unnest,
      17    if_sql,
      18    inline_array_unless_query,
      19    max_or_greatest,
      20    min_or_least,
      21    no_ilike_sql,
      22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
      23    regexp_replace_sql,
      24    rename_func,
      25    sha256_sql,
      26    timestrtotime_sql,
      27    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
      28    unit_to_var,
      29    strposition_sql,
      30    groupconcat_sql,
      31)
      32from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
      33from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      34from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      35
      36if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      37    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      38
      39    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import TypeAnnotator
      40
      41logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
      42
      43
      44JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE = t.Union[exp.JSONExtract, exp.JSONExtractScalar, exp.JSONExtractArray]
      45
      46DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS = ("JSON_QUERY", "JSON_VALUE", "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY")
      47
      48
      49def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
      50    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
      51        return self.values_sql(expression)
      52
      53    structs = []
      54    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
      55    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
      56        field_aliases = (
      57            alias.columns
      58            if alias and alias.columns
      59            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
      60        )
      61        expressions = [
      62            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
      63            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
      64        ]
      65        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
      66
      67    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
      68    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
      69    return self.unnest_sql(
      70        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
      71    )
      72
      73
      74def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
      75    this = expression.this
      76    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
      77        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
      78    else:
      79        this = self.sql(this)
      80    return f"RETURNS {this}"
      81
      82
      83def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
      84    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
      85    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
      86        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
      87
      88        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
      89            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
      90
      91    return self.create_sql(expression)
      92
      93
      94# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
      95# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
      96# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
      97# SELECT y + 1 z
      98# FROM x
      99# GROUP BY x + 1
     100# ORDER by z
     101def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     102    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     103        group = expression.args.get("group")
     104        order = expression.args.get("order")
     105
     106        if group and order:
     107            aliases = {
     108                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     109                for select in expression.selects
     110                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
     111            }
     112
     113            for grouped in group.expressions:
     114                if grouped.is_int:
     115                    continue
     116                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
     117                if alias:
     118                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
     119
     120    return expression
     121
     122
     123def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     124    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
     125    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
     126        cte_query = expression.this
     127
     128        if cte_query.is_star:
     129            logger.warning(
     130                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
     131                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
     132            )
     133            return expression
     134
     135        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
     136        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
     137
     138        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
     139            to_replace = select
     140
     141            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
     142                select = select.this
     143
     144            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
     145            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
     146
     147    return expression
     148
     149
     150def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
     151    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
     152    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
     153    return this
     154
     155
     156def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
     157    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
     158    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
     159    return timestamp
     160
     161
     162def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
     163    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
     164    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
     165
     166
     167def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
     168    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
     169    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     170    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.LowerHex(this=arg)
     171
     172
     173def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
     174    return self.sql(
     175        exp.Exists(
     176            this=exp.select("1")
     177            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
     178            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
     179        )
     180    )
     181
     182
     183def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     184    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
     185
     186
     187def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     188    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     189    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     190    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
     191    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
     192
     193
     194def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     195    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     196    timestamp = expression.this
     197
     198    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
     199        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
     200    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     201        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
     202    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     203        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
     204
     205    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
     206        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
     207    )
     208    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
     209
     210
     211def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     212    if len(args) == 1:
     213        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
     214    if len(args) == 2:
     215        return exp.Time.from_arg_list(args)
     216    return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     217
     218
     219def _build_datetime(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     220    if len(args) == 1:
     221        return exp.TsOrDsToDatetime.from_arg_list(args)
     222    if len(args) == 2:
     223        return exp.Datetime.from_arg_list(args)
     224    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     225
     226
     227def _build_regexp_extract(
     228    expr_type: t.Type[E], default_group: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     229) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     230    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     231        try:
     232            group = re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1
     233        except re.error:
     234            group = False
     235
     236        # Default group is used for the transpilation of REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL
     237        return expr_type(
     238            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     239            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     240            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     241            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     242            group=exp.Literal.number(1) if group else default_group,
     243        )
     244
     245    return _builder
     246
     247
     248def _build_extract_json_with_default_path(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List, Dialect], E]:
     249    def _builder(args: t.List, dialect: Dialect) -> E:
     250        if len(args) == 1:
     251            # The default value for the JSONPath is '$' i.e all of the data
     252            args.append(exp.Literal.string("$"))
     253        return parser.build_extract_json_with_path(expr_type)(args, dialect)
     254
     255    return _builder
     256
     257
     258def _str_to_datetime_sql(
     259    self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime
     260) -> str:
     261    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     262    dtype = "DATE" if isinstance(expression, exp.StrToDate) else "TIMESTAMP"
     263
     264    if expression.args.get("safe"):
     265        fmt = self.format_time(
     266            expression,
     267            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING,
     268            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE,
     269        )
     270        return f"SAFE_CAST({this} AS {dtype} FORMAT {fmt})"
     271
     272    fmt = self.format_time(expression)
     273    return self.func(f"PARSE_{dtype}", fmt, this, expression.args.get("zone"))
     274
     275
     276def _annotate_math_functions(self: TypeAnnotator, expression: E) -> E:
     277    """
     278    Many BigQuery math functions such as CEIL, FLOOR etc follow this return type convention:
     279    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     280    |  INPUT  | INT64   | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     281    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     282    |  OUTPUT | FLOAT64 | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     283    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     284    """
     285    self._annotate_args(expression)
     286
     287    this: exp.Expression = expression.this
     288
     289    self._set_type(
     290        expression,
     291        exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES) else this.type,
     292    )
     293    return expression
     294
     295
     296@unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")
     297def _levenshtein_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Levenshtein) -> str:
     298    max_dist = expression.args.get("max_dist")
     299    if max_dist:
     300        max_dist = exp.Kwarg(this=exp.var("max_distance"), expression=max_dist)
     301
     302    return self.func("EDIT_DISTANCE", expression.this, expression.expression, max_dist)
     303
     304
     305def _build_levenshtein(args: t.List) -> exp.Levenshtein:
     306    max_dist = seq_get(args, 2)
     307    return exp.Levenshtein(
     308        this=seq_get(args, 0),
     309        expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     310        max_dist=max_dist.expression if max_dist else None,
     311    )
     312
     313
     314def _build_format_time(expr_type: t.Type[exp.Expression]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.TimeToStr]:
     315    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
     316        return exp.TimeToStr(this=expr_type(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0))
     317
     318    return _builder
     319
     320
     321def _build_contains_substring(args: t.List) -> exp.Contains | exp.Anonymous:
     322    if len(args) == 3:
     323        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONTAINS_SUBSTR", expressions=args)
     324
     325    # Lowercase the operands in case of transpilation, as exp.Contains
     326    # is case-sensitive on other dialects
     327    this = exp.Lower(this=seq_get(args, 0))
     328    expr = exp.Lower(this=seq_get(args, 1))
     329
     330    return exp.Contains(this=this, expression=expr)
     331
     332
     333def _json_extract_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE) -> str:
     334    name = (expression._meta and expression.meta.get("name")) or expression.sql_name()
     335    upper = name.upper()
     336
     337    dquote_escaping = upper in DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS
     338
     339    if dquote_escaping:
     340        self._quote_json_path_key_using_brackets = False
     341
     342    sql = rename_func(upper)(self, expression)
     343
     344    if dquote_escaping:
     345        self._quote_json_path_key_using_brackets = True
     346
     347    return sql
     348
     349
     350class BigQuery(Dialect):
     351    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     352    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     353    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     354    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     355    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     356    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     357    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     358    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
     359    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
     360    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
     361
     362    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     363    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     364
     365    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     366    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     367
     368    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     369    TIME_MAPPING = {
     370        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     371        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     372        "%e": "%-d",
     373    }
     374
     375    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     376        "DD": "%d",
     377        "MM": "%m",
     378        "MON": "%b",
     379        "MONTH": "%B",
     380        "YYYY": "%Y",
     381        "YY": "%y",
     382        "HH": "%I",
     383        "HH12": "%I",
     384        "HH24": "%H",
     385        "MI": "%M",
     386        "SS": "%S",
     387        "SSSSS": "%f",
     388        "TZH": "%z",
     389    }
     390
     391    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     392    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     393    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     394
     395    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     396    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     397
     398    ANNOTATORS = {
     399        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     400        **{
     401            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     402            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     403        },
     404        **{
     405            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     406            for expr_type in (
     407                exp.Left,
     408                exp.Right,
     409                exp.Lower,
     410                exp.Upper,
     411                exp.Pad,
     412                exp.Trim,
     413                exp.RegexpExtract,
     414                exp.RegexpReplace,
     415                exp.Repeat,
     416                exp.Substring,
     417            )
     418        },
     419        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     420        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     421        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     422    }
     423
     424    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     425        if (
     426            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     427            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     428        ):
     429            parent = expression.parent
     430            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     431                parent = parent.parent
     432
     433            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     434            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     435            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     436            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     437            case_sensitive = (
     438                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     439                or (
     440                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     441                    and parent.db
     442                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     443                )
     444                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     445            )
     446            if not case_sensitive:
     447                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     448
     449        return expression
     450
     451    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     452        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     453        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     454        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     455        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     456
     457        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     458
     459        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     460            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     461        ]
     462
     463        RAW_STRINGS = [
     464            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     465        ]
     466
     467        KEYWORDS = {
     468            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     469            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     470            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     471            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     472            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     473            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     474            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     475            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     476            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     477            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     478            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     479            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
     480            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     481            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     482            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     483            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     484            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     485            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     486        }
     487        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     488        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     489        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     490
     491    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     492        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     493        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     494        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     495
     496        FUNCTIONS = {
     497            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     498            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
     499            "DATE": _build_date,
     500            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     501            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     502            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     503                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     504                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     505                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     506            ),
     507            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     508            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     509            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     510            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     511            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
     512            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
     513            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     514            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     515            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     516            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     517            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     518            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     519            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
     520            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     521            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     522            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     523            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     524                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     525            ),
     526            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     527            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     528            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     529            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     530            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
     531                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
     532            ),
     533            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     534            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     535            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     536                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     537                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     538                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     539            ),
     540            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
     541            "TIME": _build_time,
     542            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     543            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     544            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     545            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     546            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     547            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     548                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     549            ),
     550            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     551                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     552            ),
     553            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     554            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     555            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
     556            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
     557        }
     558
     559        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     560            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     561            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     562            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
     563            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
     564        }
     565        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     566
     567        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     568            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     569            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     570        }
     571
     572        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     573            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     574            TokenType.TABLE,
     575        }
     576
     577        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     578            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     579            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     580                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     581            ),
     582            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     583        }
     584
     585        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     586            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     587            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     588        }
     589
     590        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     591        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     592
     593        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     594
     595        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
     596
     597        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     598            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     599            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     600            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     601            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     602            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
     603        }
     604
     605        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     606            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     607            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     608            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     609            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     610        }
     611
     612        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     613            this = self._parse_range()
     614            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     615            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     616
     617        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     618            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     619
     620            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     621            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     622                table_name = this.name
     623                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     624                    start = self._curr
     625                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     626                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
     627                    ):
     628                        self._advance()
     629
     630                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
     631
     632                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     633            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     634                table_name = this.name
     635
     636                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     637                    table_name += self._prev.text
     638
     639                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     640
     641            return this
     642
     643        def _parse_table_parts(
     644            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     645        ) -> exp.Table:
     646            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     647                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     648            )
     649
     650            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     651            if not table.catalog:
     652                if table.db:
     653                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     654                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     655                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     656                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     657                else:
     658                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     659                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     660                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     661                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     662
     663            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     664                alias = table.this
     665                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     666                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     667                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     668                )
     669
     670                if rest and this:
     671                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     672
     673                table = exp.Table(
     674                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     675                )
     676                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     677            else:
     678                alias = None
     679
     680            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     681            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     682            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     683            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     684            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     685            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     686            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     687            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     688            #
     689            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     690            table_parts = table.parts
     691            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     692                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     693                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     694                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     695                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     696                exp.alias_(
     697                    table,
     698                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     699                    table=True,
     700                    copy=False,
     701                )
     702
     703                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     704                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     705                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     706                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     707
     708            return table
     709
     710        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     711            column = super()._parse_column()
     712            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     713                parts = column.parts
     714                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     715                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     716                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     717                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     718                    )
     719
     720                    if rest and this:
     721                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     722
     723                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     724                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     725
     726            return column
     727
     728        @t.overload
     729        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     730
     731        @t.overload
     732        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     733
     734        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     735            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     736            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     737
     738            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     739            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     740            if (
     741                array_kv_pair
     742                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     743                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     744            ):
     745                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     746                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     747
     748                json_object.set(
     749                    "expressions",
     750                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     751                )
     752
     753            return json_object
     754
     755        def _parse_bracket(
     756            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     757        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     758            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     759
     760            if this is bracket:
     761                return bracket
     762
     763            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     764                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     765                    name = expression.name.upper()
     766
     767                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     768                        break
     769
     770                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     771                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     772                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     773                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     774
     775            return bracket
     776
     777        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     778            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     779
     780            if not unnest:
     781                return None
     782
     783            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     784            if unnest_expr:
     785                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     786
     787                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
     788
     789                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     790                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     791                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     792                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     793                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     794                ):
     795                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     796
     797            return unnest
     798
     799        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
     800            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
     801
     802            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
     803                value = self._parse_lambda()
     804
     805                if not value:
     806                    break
     807
     808                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
     809                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
     810                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
     811                    arg_key = value.this.name
     812
     813                expr.set(arg_key, value)
     814
     815                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     816
     817            return expr
     818
     819        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
     820            expr = self.expression(
     821                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
     822                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
     823                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
     824            )
     825
     826            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
     827                arg = self._parse_lambda()
     828
     829                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
     830                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
     831                if arg:
     832                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
     833
     834            return expr
     835
     836        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
     837            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
     838
     839            return self.expression(
     840                exp.Export,
     841                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
     842                options=self._parse_properties(),
     843                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
     844            )
     845
     846    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     847        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     848        JOIN_HINTS = False
     849        QUERY_HINTS = False
     850        TABLE_HINTS = False
     851        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     852        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     853        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     854        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     855        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     856        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     857        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     858        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     859        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     860        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     861        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     862        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     863        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     864        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     865        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     866        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     867        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     868        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     869        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     870        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     871
     872        TRANSFORMS = {
     873            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     874            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     875            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     876            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     877            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     878            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     879            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     880            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     881            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     882                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     883                if e.args.get("default")
     884                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     885            ),
     886            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     887            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     888            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     889            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     890            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     891            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     892                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     893            ),
     894            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     895            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     896            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     897            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     898            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     899            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     900                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     901            ),
     902            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     903                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     904            ),
     905            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     906            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     907                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     908            ),
     909            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     910            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     911            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     912            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     913            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     914            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     915            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     916            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     917            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     918            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     919            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     920            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     921            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     922            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     923            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     924            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     925            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     926                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     927                e.this,
     928                e.expression,
     929                e.args.get("position"),
     930                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     931            ),
     932            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     933                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     934            ),
     935            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     936            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     937            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     938            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     939            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     940                [
     941                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     942                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     943                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     944                    _alias_ordered_group,
     945                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     946                ]
     947            ),
     948            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     949            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     950            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     951                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     952            ),
     953            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     954            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     955                strposition_sql(
     956                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     957                )
     958            ),
     959            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     960            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     961            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     962            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     963            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     964            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     965            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     966            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     967            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     968            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     969            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     970            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     971            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     972            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     973            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     974            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     975            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     976            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     977            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     978            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     979            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     980            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     981            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     982        }
     983
     984        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     985            exp.JSONPathKey,
     986            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     987            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     988        }
     989
     990        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     991            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     992            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     993            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     994            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     995            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
     996            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     997            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     998            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
     999            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1000            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1001            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1002            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1006            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1007            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1008            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1015        }
    1016
    1017        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1018            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1019            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1020            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1021        }
    1022
    1023        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1024        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1025        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1026            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1027            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1028        }
    1029
    1030        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1031        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1032            "all",
    1033            "and",
    1034            "any",
    1035            "array",
    1036            "as",
    1037            "asc",
    1038            "assert_rows_modified",
    1039            "at",
    1040            "between",
    1041            "by",
    1042            "case",
    1043            "cast",
    1044            "collate",
    1045            "contains",
    1046            "create",
    1047            "cross",
    1048            "cube",
    1049            "current",
    1050            "default",
    1051            "define",
    1052            "desc",
    1053            "distinct",
    1054            "else",
    1055            "end",
    1056            "enum",
    1057            "escape",
    1058            "except",
    1059            "exclude",
    1060            "exists",
    1061            "extract",
    1062            "false",
    1063            "fetch",
    1064            "following",
    1065            "for",
    1066            "from",
    1067            "full",
    1068            "group",
    1069            "grouping",
    1070            "groups",
    1071            "hash",
    1072            "having",
    1073            "if",
    1074            "ignore",
    1075            "in",
    1076            "inner",
    1077            "intersect",
    1078            "interval",
    1079            "into",
    1080            "is",
    1081            "join",
    1082            "lateral",
    1083            "left",
    1084            "like",
    1085            "limit",
    1086            "lookup",
    1087            "merge",
    1088            "natural",
    1089            "new",
    1090            "no",
    1091            "not",
    1092            "null",
    1093            "nulls",
    1094            "of",
    1095            "on",
    1096            "or",
    1097            "order",
    1098            "outer",
    1099            "over",
    1100            "partition",
    1101            "preceding",
    1102            "proto",
    1103            "qualify",
    1104            "range",
    1105            "recursive",
    1106            "respect",
    1107            "right",
    1108            "rollup",
    1109            "rows",
    1110            "select",
    1111            "set",
    1112            "some",
    1113            "struct",
    1114            "tablesample",
    1115            "then",
    1116            "to",
    1117            "treat",
    1118            "true",
    1119            "unbounded",
    1120            "union",
    1121            "unnest",
    1122            "using",
    1123            "when",
    1124            "where",
    1125            "window",
    1126            "with",
    1127            "within",
    1128        }
    1129
    1130        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1131            this = expression.this
    1132            expr = expression.expression
    1133            return self.func(
    1134                "MOD",
    1135                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1136                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1137            )
    1138
    1139        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1140            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1141                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1142                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1143                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1144                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1145                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1146
    1147            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1148
    1149        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1150            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1151            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1152            #
    1153            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1154            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1155            #
    1156            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1157            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1158            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1159                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1160                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1161
    1162            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1163
    1164        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1165            this = expression.this
    1166            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1167                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1168            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1169                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1170            else:
    1171                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1172
    1173            time_expr = (
    1174                this
    1175                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1176                else expression
    1177            )
    1178            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this)
    1179
    1180        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1181            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1182            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1183                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1184                    return "NULL"
    1185
    1186            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1187
    1188        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1189            parent = expression.parent
    1190
    1191            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1192            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1193            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1194                return self.func(
    1195                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1196                )
    1197
    1198            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1199
    1200        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1201            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1202
    1203        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1204            this = expression.this
    1205            expressions = expression.expressions
    1206
    1207            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1208                arg = expressions[0]
    1209                if arg.type is None:
    1210                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1211
    1212                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1213
    1214                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1215                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1216                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1217
    1218            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1219            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1220
    1221            if offset == 0:
    1222                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1223            elif offset == 1:
    1224                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1225            elif offset is not None:
    1226                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1227
    1228            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1229                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1230
    1231            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1232
    1233        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1234            return self.sql(expression)
    1235
    1236        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1237            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1238                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1239            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1240
    1241        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1242            this = expression.this
    1243            expr = expression.expression
    1244
    1245            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1246                this = this.this
    1247                expr = expr.this
    1248
    1249            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1250
    1251        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1252            this = expression.this
    1253
    1254            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1255            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1256            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1257            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1258                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1259                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1260                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1261
    1262            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract, sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar, sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray]
DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS = ('JSON_QUERY', 'JSON_VALUE', 'JSON_QUERY_ARRAY')
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     351class BigQuery(Dialect):
     352    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     353    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     354    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     355    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     356    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     357    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     358    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     359    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
     360    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
     361    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
     362
     363    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     364    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     365
     366    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     367    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     368
     369    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     370    TIME_MAPPING = {
     371        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     372        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     373        "%e": "%-d",
     374    }
     375
     376    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     377        "DD": "%d",
     378        "MM": "%m",
     379        "MON": "%b",
     380        "MONTH": "%B",
     381        "YYYY": "%Y",
     382        "YY": "%y",
     383        "HH": "%I",
     384        "HH12": "%I",
     385        "HH24": "%H",
     386        "MI": "%M",
     387        "SS": "%S",
     388        "SSSSS": "%f",
     389        "TZH": "%z",
     390    }
     391
     392    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     393    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     394    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     395
     396    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     397    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     398
     399    ANNOTATORS = {
     400        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     401        **{
     402            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     403            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     404        },
     405        **{
     406            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     407            for expr_type in (
     408                exp.Left,
     409                exp.Right,
     410                exp.Lower,
     411                exp.Upper,
     412                exp.Pad,
     413                exp.Trim,
     414                exp.RegexpExtract,
     415                exp.RegexpReplace,
     416                exp.Repeat,
     417                exp.Substring,
     418            )
     419        },
     420        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     421        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     422        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     423    }
     424
     425    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     426        if (
     427            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     428            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     429        ):
     430            parent = expression.parent
     431            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     432                parent = parent.parent
     433
     434            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     435            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     436            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     437            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     438            case_sensitive = (
     439                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     440                or (
     441                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     442                    and parent.db
     443                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     444                )
     445                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     446            )
     447            if not case_sensitive:
     448                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     449
     450        return expression
     451
     452    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     453        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     454        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     455        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     456        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     457
     458        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     459
     460        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     461            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     462        ]
     463
     464        RAW_STRINGS = [
     465            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     466        ]
     467
     468        KEYWORDS = {
     469            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     470            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     471            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     472            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     473            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     474            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     475            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     476            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     477            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     478            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     479            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     480            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
     481            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     482            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     483            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     484            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     485            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     486            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     487        }
     488        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     489        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     490        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     491
     492    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     493        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     494        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     495        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     496
     497        FUNCTIONS = {
     498            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     499            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
     500            "DATE": _build_date,
     501            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     502            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     503            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     504                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     505                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     506                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     507            ),
     508            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     509            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     510            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     511            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     512            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
     513            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
     514            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     515            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     516            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     517            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     518            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     519            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     520            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
     521            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     522            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     523            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     524            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     525                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     526            ),
     527            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     528            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     529            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     530            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     531            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
     532                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
     533            ),
     534            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     535            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     536            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     537                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     538                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     539                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     540            ),
     541            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
     542            "TIME": _build_time,
     543            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     544            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     545            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     546            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     547            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     548            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     549                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     550            ),
     551            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     552                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     553            ),
     554            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     555            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     556            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
     557            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
     558        }
     559
     560        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     561            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     562            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     563            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
     564            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
     565        }
     566        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     567
     568        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     569            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     570            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     571        }
     572
     573        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     574            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     575            TokenType.TABLE,
     576        }
     577
     578        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     579            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     580            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     581                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     582            ),
     583            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     584        }
     585
     586        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     587            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     588            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     589        }
     590
     591        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     592        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     593
     594        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     595
     596        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
     597
     598        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     599            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     600            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     601            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     602            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     603            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
     604        }
     605
     606        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     607            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     608            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     609            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     610            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     611        }
     612
     613        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     614            this = self._parse_range()
     615            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     616            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     617
     618        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     619            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     620
     621            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     622            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     623                table_name = this.name
     624                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     625                    start = self._curr
     626                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     627                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
     628                    ):
     629                        self._advance()
     630
     631                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
     632
     633                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     634            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     635                table_name = this.name
     636
     637                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     638                    table_name += self._prev.text
     639
     640                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     641
     642            return this
     643
     644        def _parse_table_parts(
     645            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     646        ) -> exp.Table:
     647            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     648                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     649            )
     650
     651            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     652            if not table.catalog:
     653                if table.db:
     654                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     655                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     656                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     657                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     658                else:
     659                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     660                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     661                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     662                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     663
     664            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     665                alias = table.this
     666                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     667                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     668                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     669                )
     670
     671                if rest and this:
     672                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     673
     674                table = exp.Table(
     675                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     676                )
     677                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     678            else:
     679                alias = None
     680
     681            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     682            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     683            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     684            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     685            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     686            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     687            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     688            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     689            #
     690            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     691            table_parts = table.parts
     692            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     693                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     694                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     695                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     696                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     697                exp.alias_(
     698                    table,
     699                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     700                    table=True,
     701                    copy=False,
     702                )
     703
     704                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     705                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     706                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     707                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     708
     709            return table
     710
     711        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     712            column = super()._parse_column()
     713            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     714                parts = column.parts
     715                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     716                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     717                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     718                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     719                    )
     720
     721                    if rest and this:
     722                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     723
     724                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     725                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     726
     727            return column
     728
     729        @t.overload
     730        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     731
     732        @t.overload
     733        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     734
     735        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     736            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     737            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     738
     739            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     740            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     741            if (
     742                array_kv_pair
     743                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     744                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     745            ):
     746                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     747                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     748
     749                json_object.set(
     750                    "expressions",
     751                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     752                )
     753
     754            return json_object
     755
     756        def _parse_bracket(
     757            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     758        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     759            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     760
     761            if this is bracket:
     762                return bracket
     763
     764            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     765                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     766                    name = expression.name.upper()
     767
     768                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     769                        break
     770
     771                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     772                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     773                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     774                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     775
     776            return bracket
     777
     778        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     779            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     780
     781            if not unnest:
     782                return None
     783
     784            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     785            if unnest_expr:
     786                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     787
     788                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
     789
     790                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     791                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     792                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     793                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     794                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     795                ):
     796                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     797
     798            return unnest
     799
     800        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
     801            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
     802
     803            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
     804                value = self._parse_lambda()
     805
     806                if not value:
     807                    break
     808
     809                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
     810                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
     811                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
     812                    arg_key = value.this.name
     813
     814                expr.set(arg_key, value)
     815
     816                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     817
     818            return expr
     819
     820        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
     821            expr = self.expression(
     822                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
     823                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
     824                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
     825            )
     826
     827            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
     828                arg = self._parse_lambda()
     829
     830                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
     831                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
     832                if arg:
     833                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
     834
     835            return expr
     836
     837        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
     838            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
     839
     840            return self.expression(
     841                exp.Export,
     842                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
     843                options=self._parse_properties(),
     844                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
     845            )
     846
     847    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     848        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     849        JOIN_HINTS = False
     850        QUERY_HINTS = False
     851        TABLE_HINTS = False
     852        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     853        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     854        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     855        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     856        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     857        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     858        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     859        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     860        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     861        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     862        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     863        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     864        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     865        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     866        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     867        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     868        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     869        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     870        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     871        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     872
     873        TRANSFORMS = {
     874            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     875            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     876            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     877            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     878            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     879            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     880            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     881            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     882            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     883                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     884                if e.args.get("default")
     885                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     886            ),
     887            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     888            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     889            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     890            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     891            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     892            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     893                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     894            ),
     895            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     896            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     897            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     898            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     899            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     900            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     901                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     902            ),
     903            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     904                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     905            ),
     906            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     907            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     908                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     909            ),
     910            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     911            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     912            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     913            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     914            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     915            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     916            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     917            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     918            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     919            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     920            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     921            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     922            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     923            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     924            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     925            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     926            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     927                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     928                e.this,
     929                e.expression,
     930                e.args.get("position"),
     931                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     932            ),
     933            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     934                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     935            ),
     936            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     937            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     938            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     939            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     940            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [
     942                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     943                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     944                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     945                    _alias_ordered_group,
     946                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     947                ]
     948            ),
     949            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     950            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     951            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     952                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     953            ),
     954            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     955            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     956                strposition_sql(
     957                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     958                )
     959            ),
     960            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     961            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     962            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     963            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     964            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     965            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     966            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     967            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     968            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     969            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     970            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     971            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     972            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     973            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     974            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     975            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     976            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     977            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     978            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     979            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     980            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     981            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     982            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     983        }
     984
     985        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     986            exp.JSONPathKey,
     987            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     988            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     989        }
     990
     991        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     992            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     993            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     994            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     995            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     996            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
     997            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     998            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     999            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    1000            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1001            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1002            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1006            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1007            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1008            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1015            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1016        }
    1017
    1018        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1019            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1020            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1021            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1022        }
    1023
    1024        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1025        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1026        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1027            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1028            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1029        }
    1030
    1031        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1032        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1033            "all",
    1034            "and",
    1035            "any",
    1036            "array",
    1037            "as",
    1038            "asc",
    1039            "assert_rows_modified",
    1040            "at",
    1041            "between",
    1042            "by",
    1043            "case",
    1044            "cast",
    1045            "collate",
    1046            "contains",
    1047            "create",
    1048            "cross",
    1049            "cube",
    1050            "current",
    1051            "default",
    1052            "define",
    1053            "desc",
    1054            "distinct",
    1055            "else",
    1056            "end",
    1057            "enum",
    1058            "escape",
    1059            "except",
    1060            "exclude",
    1061            "exists",
    1062            "extract",
    1063            "false",
    1064            "fetch",
    1065            "following",
    1066            "for",
    1067            "from",
    1068            "full",
    1069            "group",
    1070            "grouping",
    1071            "groups",
    1072            "hash",
    1073            "having",
    1074            "if",
    1075            "ignore",
    1076            "in",
    1077            "inner",
    1078            "intersect",
    1079            "interval",
    1080            "into",
    1081            "is",
    1082            "join",
    1083            "lateral",
    1084            "left",
    1085            "like",
    1086            "limit",
    1087            "lookup",
    1088            "merge",
    1089            "natural",
    1090            "new",
    1091            "no",
    1092            "not",
    1093            "null",
    1094            "nulls",
    1095            "of",
    1096            "on",
    1097            "or",
    1098            "order",
    1099            "outer",
    1100            "over",
    1101            "partition",
    1102            "preceding",
    1103            "proto",
    1104            "qualify",
    1105            "range",
    1106            "recursive",
    1107            "respect",
    1108            "right",
    1109            "rollup",
    1110            "rows",
    1111            "select",
    1112            "set",
    1113            "some",
    1114            "struct",
    1115            "tablesample",
    1116            "then",
    1117            "to",
    1118            "treat",
    1119            "true",
    1120            "unbounded",
    1121            "union",
    1122            "unnest",
    1123            "using",
    1124            "when",
    1125            "where",
    1126            "window",
    1127            "with",
    1128            "within",
    1129        }
    1130
    1131        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1132            this = expression.this
    1133            expr = expression.expression
    1134            return self.func(
    1135                "MOD",
    1136                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1137                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1138            )
    1139
    1140        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1141            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1142                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1143                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1144                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1145                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1146                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1147
    1148            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1149
    1150        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1151            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1152            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1153            #
    1154            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1155            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1156            #
    1157            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1158            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1159            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1161                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162
    1163            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1164
    1165        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1166            this = expression.this
    1167            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1168                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1169            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1170                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1171            else:
    1172                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1173
    1174            time_expr = (
    1175                this
    1176                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1177                else expression
    1178            )
    1179            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this)
    1180
    1181        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1182            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1183            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1184                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1185                    return "NULL"
    1186
    1187            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1188
    1189        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1190            parent = expression.parent
    1191
    1192            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1193            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1194            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1195                return self.func(
    1196                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1197                )
    1198
    1199            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1200
    1201        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1202            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1203
    1204        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1205            this = expression.this
    1206            expressions = expression.expressions
    1207
    1208            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1209                arg = expressions[0]
    1210                if arg.type is None:
    1211                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1212
    1213                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1214
    1215                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1216                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1217                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1218
    1219            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1220            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1221
    1222            if offset == 0:
    1223                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1224            elif offset == 1:
    1225                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1226            elif offset is not None:
    1227                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1228
    1229            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1230                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1231
    1232            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1233
    1234        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1235            return self.sql(expression)
    1236
    1237        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1238            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1239                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1240            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1241
    1242        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1243            this = expression.this
    1244            expr = expression.expression
    1245
    1246            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1247                this = this.this
    1248                expr = expr.this
    1249
    1250            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1251
    1252        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1253            this = expression.this
    1254
    1255            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1256            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1257            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1258            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1259                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1260                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1261                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1262
    1263            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

###### For example:

> WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES: bool = True

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE: bool = True

Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: Dict[Type[sqlglot.expressions.Expression], Optional[bool]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is `None` when either `DISTINCT` or `ALL` must be explicitly specified.

ANNOTATORS: Dict[Type[~E], Callable[[sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types.TypeAnnotator, ~E], ~E]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>}
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    425    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    426        if (
    427            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    428            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    429        ):
    430            parent = expression.parent
    431            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    432                parent = parent.parent
    433
    434            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    435            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    436            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    437            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    438            case_sensitive = (
    439                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    440                or (
    441                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    442                    and parent.db
    443                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    444                )
    445                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    446            )
    447            if not case_sensitive:
    448                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    449
    450        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    452    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    453        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    454        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    455        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    456        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    457
    458        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    459
    460        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    461            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    462        ]
    463
    464        RAW_STRINGS = [
    465            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    466        ]
    467
    468        KEYWORDS = {
    469            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    470            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    471            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    472            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    473            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    474            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    475            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    476            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    477            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    478            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    479            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    480            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
    481            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    482            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    483            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    484            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    485            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    486            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    487        }
    488        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    489        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    490        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPORT': <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    492    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    493        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    494        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    495        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    496
    497        FUNCTIONS = {
    498            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    499            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
    500            "DATE": _build_date,
    501            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    502            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    503            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    504                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    505                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    506                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
    507            ),
    508            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    509            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    510            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    511            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    512            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
    513            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
    514            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    515            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    516            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
    517            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    518            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
    519            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    520            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
    521            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    522            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    523            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    524            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    525                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    526            ),
    527            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    528            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    529            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    530            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    531            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
    532                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
    533            ),
    534            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    535            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    536            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    537                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    538                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    539                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    540            ),
    541            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
    542            "TIME": _build_time,
    543            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    544            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    545            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    546            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    547            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    548            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    549                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    550            ),
    551            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    552                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    553            ),
    554            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    555            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    556            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
    557            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
    558        }
    559
    560        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    561            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    562            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    563            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
    564            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
    565        }
    566        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    567
    568        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    569            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    570            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    571        }
    572
    573        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    574            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    575            TokenType.TABLE,
    576        }
    577
    578        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    579            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    580            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    581                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    582            ),
    583            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    584        }
    585
    586        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    587            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    588            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    589        }
    590
    591        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    592        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    593
    594        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    595
    596        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
    597
    598        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    599            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    600            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    601            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    602            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    603            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
    604        }
    605
    606        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    607            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    608            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    609            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    610            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    611        }
    612
    613        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    614            this = self._parse_range()
    615            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    616            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    617
    618        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    619            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    620
    621            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    622            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    623                table_name = this.name
    624                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    625                    start = self._curr
    626                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    627                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
    628                    ):
    629                        self._advance()
    630
    631                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
    632
    633                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    634            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    635                table_name = this.name
    636
    637                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    638                    table_name += self._prev.text
    639
    640                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    641
    642            return this
    643
    644        def _parse_table_parts(
    645            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    646        ) -> exp.Table:
    647            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    648                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    649            )
    650
    651            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    652            if not table.catalog:
    653                if table.db:
    654                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    655                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    656                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    657                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    658                else:
    659                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    660                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    661                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    662                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    663
    664            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    665                alias = table.this
    666                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    667                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    668                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    669                )
    670
    671                if rest and this:
    672                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    673
    674                table = exp.Table(
    675                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    676                )
    677                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    678            else:
    679                alias = None
    680
    681            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
    682            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
    683            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
    684            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
    685            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
    686            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
    687            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
    688            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
    689            #
    690            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
    691            table_parts = table.parts
    692            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
    693                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
    694                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
    695                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
    696                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
    697                exp.alias_(
    698                    table,
    699                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
    700                    table=True,
    701                    copy=False,
    702                )
    703
    704                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
    705                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
    706                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
    707                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
    708
    709            return table
    710
    711        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    712            column = super()._parse_column()
    713            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    714                parts = column.parts
    715                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    716                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    717                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    718                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    719                    )
    720
    721                    if rest and this:
    722                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    723
    724                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    725                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    726
    727            return column
    728
    729        @t.overload
    730        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    731
    732        @t.overload
    733        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    734
    735        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    736            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    737            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    738
    739            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    740            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    741            if (
    742                array_kv_pair
    743                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    744                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    745            ):
    746                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    747                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    748
    749                json_object.set(
    750                    "expressions",
    751                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    752                )
    753
    754            return json_object
    755
    756        def _parse_bracket(
    757            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    758        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    759            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    760
    761            if this is bracket:
    762                return bracket
    763
    764            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    765                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    766                    name = expression.name.upper()
    767
    768                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    769                        break
    770
    771                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    772                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    773                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    774                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    775
    776            return bracket
    777
    778        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    779            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    780
    781            if not unnest:
    782                return None
    783
    784            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    785            if unnest_expr:
    786                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    787
    788                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    789
    790                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    791                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    792                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    793                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    794                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    795                ):
    796                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    797
    798            return unnest
    799
    800        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
    801            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
    802
    803            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
    804                value = self._parse_lambda()
    805
    806                if not value:
    807                    break
    808
    809                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
    810                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
    811                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
    812                    arg_key = value.this.name
    813
    814                expr.set(arg_key, value)
    815
    816                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    817
    818            return expr
    819
    820        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
    821            expr = self.expression(
    822                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
    823                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
    824                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
    825            )
    826
    827            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    828                arg = self._parse_lambda()
    829
    830                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
    831                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
    832                if arg:
    833                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
    834
    835            return expr
    836
    837        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
    838            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
    839
    840            return self.expression(
    841                exp.Export,
    842                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
    843                options=self._parse_properties(),
    844                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
    845            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME': <function _build_datetime>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'CONTAINS_SUBSTR': <function _build_contains_substring>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'EDIT_DISTANCE': <function _build_levenshtein>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'JSON_QUERY': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_QUERY_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'FORMAT_DATETIME': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>, 'FORMAT_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {<TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     847    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     848        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     849        JOIN_HINTS = False
     850        QUERY_HINTS = False
     851        TABLE_HINTS = False
     852        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     853        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     854        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     855        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     856        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     857        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     858        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     859        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     860        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     861        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     862        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     863        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     864        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     865        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     866        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     867        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     868        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     869        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     870        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     871        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     872
     873        TRANSFORMS = {
     874            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     875            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     876            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     877            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     878            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     879            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     880            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     881            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     882            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     883                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     884                if e.args.get("default")
     885                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     886            ),
     887            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     888            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     889            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     890            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     891            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     892            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     893                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     894            ),
     895            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     896            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     897            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     898            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     899            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     900            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     901                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     902            ),
     903            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     904                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     905            ),
     906            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     907            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     908                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     909            ),
     910            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     911            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     912            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     913            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     914            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     915            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     916            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     917            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     918            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     919            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     920            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     921            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     922            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     923            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     924            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     925            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     926            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     927                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     928                e.this,
     929                e.expression,
     930                e.args.get("position"),
     931                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     932            ),
     933            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     934                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     935            ),
     936            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     937            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     938            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     939            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     940            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [
     942                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     943                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     944                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     945                    _alias_ordered_group,
     946                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     947                ]
     948            ),
     949            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     950            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     951            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     952                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     953            ),
     954            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     955            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     956                strposition_sql(
     957                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     958                )
     959            ),
     960            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     961            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     962            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     963            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     964            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     965            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     966            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     967            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     968            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     969            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     970            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     971            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     972            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     973            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     974            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     975            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     976            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     977            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     978            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     979            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     980            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     981            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     982            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     983        }
     984
     985        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     986            exp.JSONPathKey,
     987            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     988            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     989        }
     990
     991        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     992            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     993            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     994            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     995            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     996            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
     997            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     998            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     999            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    1000            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1001            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1002            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1006            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1007            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1008            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1015            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1016        }
    1017
    1018        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1019            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1020            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1021            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1022        }
    1023
    1024        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1025        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1026        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1027            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1028            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1029        }
    1030
    1031        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1032        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1033            "all",
    1034            "and",
    1035            "any",
    1036            "array",
    1037            "as",
    1038            "asc",
    1039            "assert_rows_modified",
    1040            "at",
    1041            "between",
    1042            "by",
    1043            "case",
    1044            "cast",
    1045            "collate",
    1046            "contains",
    1047            "create",
    1048            "cross",
    1049            "cube",
    1050            "current",
    1051            "default",
    1052            "define",
    1053            "desc",
    1054            "distinct",
    1055            "else",
    1056            "end",
    1057            "enum",
    1058            "escape",
    1059            "except",
    1060            "exclude",
    1061            "exists",
    1062            "extract",
    1063            "false",
    1064            "fetch",
    1065            "following",
    1066            "for",
    1067            "from",
    1068            "full",
    1069            "group",
    1070            "grouping",
    1071            "groups",
    1072            "hash",
    1073            "having",
    1074            "if",
    1075            "ignore",
    1076            "in",
    1077            "inner",
    1078            "intersect",
    1079            "interval",
    1080            "into",
    1081            "is",
    1082            "join",
    1083            "lateral",
    1084            "left",
    1085            "like",
    1086            "limit",
    1087            "lookup",
    1088            "merge",
    1089            "natural",
    1090            "new",
    1091            "no",
    1092            "not",
    1093            "null",
    1094            "nulls",
    1095            "of",
    1096            "on",
    1097            "or",
    1098            "order",
    1099            "outer",
    1100            "over",
    1101            "partition",
    1102            "preceding",
    1103            "proto",
    1104            "qualify",
    1105            "range",
    1106            "recursive",
    1107            "respect",
    1108            "right",
    1109            "rollup",
    1110            "rows",
    1111            "select",
    1112            "set",
    1113            "some",
    1114            "struct",
    1115            "tablesample",
    1116            "then",
    1117            "to",
    1118            "treat",
    1119            "true",
    1120            "unbounded",
    1121            "union",
    1122            "unnest",
    1123            "using",
    1124            "when",
    1125            "where",
    1126            "window",
    1127            "with",
    1128            "within",
    1129        }
    1130
    1131        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1132            this = expression.this
    1133            expr = expression.expression
    1134            return self.func(
    1135                "MOD",
    1136                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1137                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1138            )
    1139
    1140        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1141            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1142                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1143                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1144                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1145                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1146                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1147
    1148            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1149
    1150        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1151            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1152            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1153            #
    1154            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1155            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1156            #
    1157            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1158            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1159            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1161                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162
    1163            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1164
    1165        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1166            this = expression.this
    1167            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1168                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1169            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1170                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1171            else:
    1172                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1173
    1174            time_expr = (
    1175                this
    1176                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1177                else expression
    1178            )
    1179            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this)
    1180
    1181        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1182            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1183            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1184                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1185                    return "NULL"
    1186
    1187            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1188
    1189        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1190            parent = expression.parent
    1191
    1192            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1193            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1194            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1195                return self.func(
    1196                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1197                )
    1198
    1199            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1200
    1201        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1202            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1203
    1204        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1205            this = expression.this
    1206            expressions = expression.expressions
    1207
    1208            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1209                arg = expressions[0]
    1210                if arg.type is None:
    1211                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1212
    1213                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1214
    1215                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1216                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1217                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1218
    1219            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1220            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1221
    1222            if offset == 0:
    1223                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1224            elif offset == 1:
    1225                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1226            elif offset is not None:
    1227                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1228
    1229            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1230                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1231
    1232            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1233
    1234        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1235            return self.sql(expression)
    1236
    1237        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1238            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1239                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1240            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1241
    1242        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1243            this = expression.this
    1244            expr = expression.expression
    1245
    1246            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1247                this = this.this
    1248                expr = expr.this
    1249
    1250            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1251
    1252        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1253            this = expression.this
    1254
    1255            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1256            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1257            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1258            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1259                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1260                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1261                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1262
    1263            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = 'OPTIONS'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HexString'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _levenshtein_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'BYTES', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'using', 'exists', 'nulls', 'unnest', 'current', 'array', 'asc', 'left', 'when', 'no', 'intersect', 'union', 'from', 'following', 'group', 'or', 'struct', 'select', 'end', 'grouping', 'join', 'recursive', 'groups', 'merge', 'fetch', 'range', 'right', 'and', 'order', 'interval', 'distinct', 'into', 'outer', 'all', 'cube', 'except', 'full', 'window', 'in', 'some', 'as', 'lookup', 'within', 'exclude', 'any', 'by', 'rows', 'cross', 'of', 'where', 'preceding', 'proto', 'natural', 'lateral', 'else', 'set', 'limit', 'having', 'if', 'enum', 'partition', 'create', 'desc', 'null', 'at', 'assert_rows_modified', 'with', 'to', 'extract', 'false', 'for', 'between', 'unbounded', 'ignore', 'collate', 'treat', 'case', 'escape', 'is', 'then', 'hash', 'on', 'default', 'contains', 'not', 'define', 'over', 'qualify', 'rollup', 'tablesample', 'cast', 'true', 'new', 'like', 'respect', 'inner'}
def mod_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Mod) -> str: View Source

    1131        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1132            this = expression.this
    1133            expr = expression.expression
    1134            return self.func(
    1135                "MOD",
    1136                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1137                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1138            )

def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    1140        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1141            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1142                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1143                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1144                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1145                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1146                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1147
    1148            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    1150        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1151            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1152            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1153            #
    1154            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1155            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1156            #
    1157            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1158            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1159            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1161                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162
    1163            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1165        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1166            this = expression.this
    1167            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1168                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1169            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1170                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1171            else:
    1172                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1173
    1174            time_expr = (
    1175                this
    1176                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1177                else expression
    1178            )
    1179            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    1181        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1182            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1183            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1184                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1185                    return "NULL"
    1186
    1187            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    1189        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1190            parent = expression.parent
    1191
    1192            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1193            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1194            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1195                return self.func(
    1196                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1197                )
    1198
    1199            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1201        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1202            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    1204        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1205            this = expression.this
    1206            expressions = expression.expressions
    1207
    1208            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1209                arg = expressions[0]
    1210                if arg.type is None:
    1211                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1212
    1213                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1214
    1215                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1216                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1217                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1218
    1219            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1220            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1221
    1222            if offset == 0:
    1223                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1224            elif offset == 1:
    1225                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1226            elif offset is not None:
    1227                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1228
    1229            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1230                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1231
    1232            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1234        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1235            return self.sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    1237        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1238            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1239                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1240            return super().version_sql(expression)

def contains_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Contains) -> str: View Source

    1242        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1243            this = expression.this
    1244            expr = expression.expression
    1245
    1246            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1247                this = this.this
    1248                expr = expr.this
    1249
    1250            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1252        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1253            this = expression.this
    1254
    1255            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1256            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1257            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1258            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1259                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1260                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1261                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1262
    1263            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_MEDIAN
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
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