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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31    sequence_sql,
     32    build_regexp_extract,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     38from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     39
     40DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     41
     42
     43def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
     44    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
     45        return self.sql(
     46            exp.Join(
     47                this=exp.Unnest(
     48                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
     49                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
     50                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
     51                ),
     52                kind="cross",
     53            )
     54        )
     55    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
     56
     57
     58def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     59    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     60    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     61
     62
     63def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     64    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     65        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     66    else:
     67        comparator = None
     68    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     69
     70
     71def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     72    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     73        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     74        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     75
     76    if expression.parent:
     77        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     78            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     79            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     80                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     81
     82    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     83
     84
     85def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     86    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     87    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     88
     89
     90def _str_to_time_sql(
     91    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     92) -> str:
     93    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     94
     95
     96def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     97    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     98    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     99        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
    100    return self.sql(
    101        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
    102    )
    103
    104
    105def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    106    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    107    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    108    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    109
    110
    111def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    112    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    113    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    114    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    115    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    116
    117
    118def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    119    if len(args) == 4:
    120        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    121            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    122            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    123            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    124            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    125        )
    126    if len(args) == 3:
    127        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    128            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    129        )
    130    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    131
    132
    133def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    134    if len(args) == 3:
    135        return exp.UnixToTime(
    136            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    137            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    138            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    139        )
    140    if len(args) == 2:
    141        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    142
    143    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    144
    145
    146def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    147    """
    148    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    149    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    150    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    151
    152    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    153    """
    154    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    155        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    156
    157    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    158
    159
    160def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    161    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    162    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    163    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    164        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    165
    166    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    167
    168
    169def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    170    if not expression.type:
    171        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    172
    173        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    174    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    175        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    176    return expression
    177
    178
    179def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    180    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    181    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    182        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    183        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    184
    185    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    186    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    187    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    188
    189
    190def _date_delta_sql(
    191    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    192) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    193    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    194        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    195        return self.func(
    196            name,
    197            unit_to_str(expression),
    198            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    199            expression.this,
    200        )
    201
    202    return _delta_sql
    203
    204
    205class Presto(Dialect):
    206    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    207    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    208    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    209    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    210    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    211    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    212    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    213    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    214
    215    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    216
    217    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    218    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    219    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    220    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    221
    222    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    223    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    224    ANNOTATORS = {
    225        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    226        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    227        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    228        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    229        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    230        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    231        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    232        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    233        if e.this
    234        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    235    }
    236
    237    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    238        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    239            (prefix + q, q)
    240            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    241            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    242        ]
    243
    244        KEYWORDS = {
    245            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    246            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    247            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    248            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    249            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    250            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    251            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    252            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    253        }
    254        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    255        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    256
    257    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    258        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    259
    260        FUNCTIONS = {
    261            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    262            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    263            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    264            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    265            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    266            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    267            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    268            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    269            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    270            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    271            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    272                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    273            ),
    274            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    275                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    276            ),
    277            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    278            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    279            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    280            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    281            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    282                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    283            ),
    284            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    285            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    286            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    288            ),
    289            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    290            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    291            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    294                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    295            ),
    296            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    297            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    298            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    299            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    300            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    301                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    302            ),
    303            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    304            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    305            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    306                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    307            ),
    308            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    309            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    310            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    315
    316    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    317        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    318        JOIN_HINTS = False
    319        TABLE_HINTS = False
    320        QUERY_HINTS = False
    321        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    322        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    323        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    324        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    325        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    326        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    327        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    328        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    329        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    330        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    331        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    332        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    333        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    334
    335        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    336            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    337            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    338            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    339        }
    340
    341        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    342            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    343            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    353        }
    354
    355        TRANSFORMS = {
    356            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    357            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    358            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    359            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    360            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    361            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    362            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    363            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    364            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    365            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    366            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    367            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    368            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    369            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    370            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    371                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    372            ),
    373            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    374            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    375            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    376                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    377            ),
    378            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    379            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    380            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    381            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    382            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    383                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    384            ),
    385            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    386            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    387            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    388            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    389            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    390            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    391            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    392            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    393            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    394            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    395            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    396            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    398            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    399            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    400            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    402            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    403            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    404                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    405            ),
    406            exp.If: if_sql(),
    407            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    408            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    409            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    410            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    411            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    412            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    413            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    414            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    415            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    416            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    417            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    418            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    419            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    421            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    422            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    423            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    424            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    425            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    426                [
    427                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    428                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    430                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    431                ]
    432            ),
    433            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    434            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    435            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    436            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    437            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    438            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    439            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    440            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    441            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    442            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    443            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    445            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    447            ),
    448            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    449            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    450            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    451            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    452            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    453            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    454            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    455            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    456            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    457            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    458            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    459            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    460            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    461            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    462            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    463            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    464            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    465            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    466                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    467            ),
    468            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    469            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    470            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    471            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    472        }
    473
    474        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    475            "alter",
    476            "and",
    477            "as",
    478            "between",
    479            "by",
    480            "case",
    481            "cast",
    482            "constraint",
    483            "create",
    484            "cross",
    485            "current_time",
    486            "current_timestamp",
    487            "deallocate",
    488            "delete",
    489            "describe",
    490            "distinct",
    491            "drop",
    492            "else",
    493            "end",
    494            "escape",
    495            "except",
    496            "execute",
    497            "exists",
    498            "extract",
    499            "false",
    500            "for",
    501            "from",
    502            "full",
    503            "group",
    504            "having",
    505            "in",
    506            "inner",
    507            "insert",
    508            "intersect",
    509            "into",
    510            "is",
    511            "join",
    512            "left",
    513            "like",
    514            "natural",
    515            "not",
    516            "null",
    517            "on",
    518            "or",
    519            "order",
    520            "outer",
    521            "prepare",
    522            "right",
    523            "select",
    524            "table",
    525            "then",
    526            "true",
    527            "union",
    528            "using",
    529            "values",
    530            "when",
    531            "where",
    532            "with",
    533        }
    534
    535        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    536            this = expression.this
    537
    538            if not this.type:
    539                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    540
    541                this = annotate_types(this)
    542
    543            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    544                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    545
    546            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    547
    548        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    549            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    550            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    551            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    552            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    553            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    554            this = expression.this
    555            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    556            value_as_timestamp = (
    557                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    558            )
    559
    560            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    561
    562            formatted_value = self.func(
    563                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    564            )
    565            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    566                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    567                formatted_value,
    568                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    569            )
    570            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    571            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    572
    573        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    574            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    575                return self.func(
    576                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    577                    expression.this,
    578                    seq_get(
    579                        apply_index_offset(
    580                            expression.this,
    581                            expression.expressions,
    582                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    583                        ),
    584                        0,
    585                    ),
    586                )
    587            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    588
    589        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    590            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    591
    592            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    593            values: t.List[str] = []
    594            schema: t.List[str] = []
    595            unknown_type = False
    596
    597            for e in expression.expressions:
    598                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    599                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    600                        unknown_type = True
    601                    else:
    602                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    604                else:
    605                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    606
    607            size = len(expression.expressions)
    608
    609            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    610                if unknown_type:
    611                    self.unsupported(
    612                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    613                    )
    614                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    615            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    616
    617        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    618            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    619                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    620            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    621
    622        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    623            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    624            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    625            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    626
    627        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    628            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    629        ) -> t.List[str]:
    630            return [
    631                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    632                self.sql(limit),
    633            ]
    634
    635        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    636            """
    637            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    638            so we need to remove them
    639            """
    640            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    641            schema = expression.this
    642            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    643                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    644            return super().create_sql(expression)
    645
    646        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    647            """
    648            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    649            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    650            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    651            """
    652            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    653            if len(tables) > 1:
    654                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    655
    656            table = tables[0]
    657            expression.set("this", table)
    658            expression.set("tables", None)
    659
    660            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    661                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    662                if table_alias:
    663                    table_alias.pop()
    664                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    665
    666            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    667
    668        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    669            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    670
    671            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    672            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    673            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    674                return self.func(
    675                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    676                )
    677
    678            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    679
    680            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    681            segments = []
    682            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    683                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    684                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    685                    self.unsupported(
    686                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    687                    )
    688                    continue
    689                key = path_key.this
    690                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    691                    key = f'"{key}"'
    692                segments.append(f".{key}")
    693
    694            expr = "".join(segments)
    695
    696            return f"{this}{expr}"

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    206class Presto(Dialect):
    207    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    208    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    209    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    210    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    211    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    212    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    213    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    214    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    215
    216    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    217
    218    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    219    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    220    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    221    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    222
    223    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    224    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    225    ANNOTATORS = {
    226        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    227        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    228        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    229        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    230        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    231        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    232        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    233        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    234        if e.this
    235        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    236    }
    237
    238    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    239        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    240            (prefix + q, q)
    241            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    242            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    243        ]
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    248            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    249            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    250            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    251            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    252            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    253            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    254        }
    255        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    256        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    257
    258    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    259        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    260
    261        FUNCTIONS = {
    262            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    263            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    264            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    265            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    266            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    267            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    268            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    269            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    270            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    271            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    272            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    273                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    274            ),
    275            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    276                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    277            ),
    278            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    279            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    280            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    281            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    282            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    283                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    284            ),
    285            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    286            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    287            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    288                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    289            ),
    290            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    292            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    296            ),
    297            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    298            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    299            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    300            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    301            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    302                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    303            ),
    304            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    305            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    306            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    307                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    308            ),
    309            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    310            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    311            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    315        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    316
    317    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    318        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    319        JOIN_HINTS = False
    320        TABLE_HINTS = False
    321        QUERY_HINTS = False
    322        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    323        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    324        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    325        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    326        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    327        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    328        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    329        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    330        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    331        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    332        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    333        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    334        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    335
    336        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    337            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    338            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    339            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    340        }
    341
    342        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    343            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    344            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    353            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    354        }
    355
    356        TRANSFORMS = {
    357            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    358            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    359            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    360            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    361            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    362            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    363            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    364            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    365            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    366            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    367            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    368            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    369            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    370            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    371            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    372                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    373            ),
    374            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    375            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    376            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    377                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    378            ),
    379            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    380            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    381            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    382            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    383            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    384                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    385            ),
    386            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    387            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    388            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    389            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    390            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    391            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    392            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    393            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    394            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    395            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    396            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    397            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    398            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    399            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    400            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    401            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    402            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    403            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    404            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    405                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    406            ),
    407            exp.If: if_sql(),
    408            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    409            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    410            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    411            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    412            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    413            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    414            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    415            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    416            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    417            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    418            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    419            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    420            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    421            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    422            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    423            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    424            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    425            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    426            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    427                [
    428                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    429                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    430                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    431                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    432                ]
    433            ),
    434            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    435            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    436            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    437            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    438            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    439            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    440            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    441            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    442            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    443            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    444            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    445            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    446            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    447                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    448            ),
    449            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    450            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    451            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    452            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    453            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    454            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    455            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    456            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    457            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    458            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    459            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    460            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    461            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    462            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    463            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    464            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    465            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    466            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    467                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    468            ),
    469            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    470            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    471            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    472            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    473        }
    474
    475        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    476            "alter",
    477            "and",
    478            "as",
    479            "between",
    480            "by",
    481            "case",
    482            "cast",
    483            "constraint",
    484            "create",
    485            "cross",
    486            "current_time",
    487            "current_timestamp",
    488            "deallocate",
    489            "delete",
    490            "describe",
    491            "distinct",
    492            "drop",
    493            "else",
    494            "end",
    495            "escape",
    496            "except",
    497            "execute",
    498            "exists",
    499            "extract",
    500            "false",
    501            "for",
    502            "from",
    503            "full",
    504            "group",
    505            "having",
    506            "in",
    507            "inner",
    508            "insert",
    509            "intersect",
    510            "into",
    511            "is",
    512            "join",
    513            "left",
    514            "like",
    515            "natural",
    516            "not",
    517            "null",
    518            "on",
    519            "or",
    520            "order",
    521            "outer",
    522            "prepare",
    523            "right",
    524            "select",
    525            "table",
    526            "then",
    527            "true",
    528            "union",
    529            "using",
    530            "values",
    531            "when",
    532            "where",
    533            "with",
    534        }
    535
    536        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    537            this = expression.this
    538
    539            if not this.type:
    540                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    541
    542                this = annotate_types(this)
    543
    544            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    545                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    546
    547            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    548
    549        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    550            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    551            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    552            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    553            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    554            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    555            this = expression.this
    556            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    557            value_as_timestamp = (
    558                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    559            )
    560
    561            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    562
    563            formatted_value = self.func(
    564                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    565            )
    566            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    567                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    568                formatted_value,
    569                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    570            )
    571            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    572            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    573
    574        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    575            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    576                return self.func(
    577                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    578                    expression.this,
    579                    seq_get(
    580                        apply_index_offset(
    581                            expression.this,
    582                            expression.expressions,
    583                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    584                        ),
    585                        0,
    586                    ),
    587                )
    588            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    589
    590        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    591            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    592
    593            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    594            values: t.List[str] = []
    595            schema: t.List[str] = []
    596            unknown_type = False
    597
    598            for e in expression.expressions:
    599                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    600                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    601                        unknown_type = True
    602                    else:
    603                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    604                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    605                else:
    606                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    607
    608            size = len(expression.expressions)
    609
    610            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    611                if unknown_type:
    612                    self.unsupported(
    613                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    614                    )
    615                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    616            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    617
    618        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    619            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    620                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    621            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    622
    623        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    624            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    625            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    626            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    627
    628        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    629            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    630        ) -> t.List[str]:
    631            return [
    632                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    633                self.sql(limit),
    634            ]
    635
    636        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    637            """
    638            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    639            so we need to remove them
    640            """
    641            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    642            schema = expression.this
    643            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    644                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    645            return super().create_sql(expression)
    646
    647        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    648            """
    649            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    650            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    651            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    652            """
    653            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    654            if len(tables) > 1:
    655                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    656
    657            table = tables[0]
    658            expression.set("this", table)
    659            expression.set("tables", None)
    660
    661            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    662                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    663                if table_alias:
    664                    table_alias.pop()
    665                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    666
    667            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    668
    669        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    670            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    671
    672            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    673            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    674            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    675                return self.func(
    676                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    677                )
    678
    679            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    680
    681            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    682            segments = []
    683            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    684                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    685                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    688                    )
    689                    continue
    690                key = path_key.this
    691                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    692                    key = f'"{key}"'
    693                segments.append(f".{key}")
    694
    695            expr = "".join(segments)
    696
    697            return f"{this}{expr}"

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    238    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    239        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    240            (prefix + q, q)
    241            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    242            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    243        ]
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    248            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    249            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    250            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    251            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    252            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    253            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    254        }
    255        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    256        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    258    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    259        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    260
    261        FUNCTIONS = {
    262            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    263            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    264            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    265            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    266            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    267            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    268            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    269            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    270            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    271            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    272            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    273                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    274            ),
    275            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    276                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    277            ),
    278            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    279            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    280            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    281            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    282            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    283                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    284            ),
    285            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    286            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    287            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    288                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    289            ),
    290            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    292            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    296            ),
    297            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    298            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    299            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    300            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    301            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    302                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    303            ),
    304            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    305            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    306            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    307                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    308            ),
    309            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    310            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    311            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    315        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    317    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    318        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    319        JOIN_HINTS = False
    320        TABLE_HINTS = False
    321        QUERY_HINTS = False
    322        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    323        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    324        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    325        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    326        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    327        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    328        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    329        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    330        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    331        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    332        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    333        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    334        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    335
    336        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    337            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    338            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    339            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    340        }
    341
    342        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    343            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    344            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    353            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    354        }
    355
    356        TRANSFORMS = {
    357            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    358            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    359            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    360            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    361            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    362            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    363            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    364            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    365            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    366            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    367            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    368            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    369            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    370            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    371            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    372                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    373            ),
    374            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    375            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    376            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    377                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    378            ),
    379            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    380            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    381            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    382            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    383            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    384                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    385            ),
    386            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    387            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    388            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    389            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    390            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    391            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    392            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    393            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    394            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    395            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    396            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    397            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    398            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    399            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    400            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    401            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    402            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    403            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    404            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    405                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    406            ),
    407            exp.If: if_sql(),
    408            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    409            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    410            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    411            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    412            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    413            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    414            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    415            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    416            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    417            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    418            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    419            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    420            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    421            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    422            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    423            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    424            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    425            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    426            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    427                [
    428                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    429                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    430                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    431                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    432                ]
    433            ),
    434            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    435            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    436            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    437            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    438            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    439            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    440            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    441            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    442            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    443            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    444            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    445            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    446            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    447                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    448            ),
    449            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    450            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    451            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    452            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    453            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    454            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    455            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    456            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    457            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    458            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    459            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    460            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    461            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    462            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    463            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    464            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    465            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    466            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    467                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    468            ),
    469            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    470            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    471            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    472            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    473        }
    474
    475        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    476            "alter",
    477            "and",
    478            "as",
    479            "between",
    480            "by",
    481            "case",
    482            "cast",
    483            "constraint",
    484            "create",
    485            "cross",
    486            "current_time",
    487            "current_timestamp",
    488            "deallocate",
    489            "delete",
    490            "describe",
    491            "distinct",
    492            "drop",
    493            "else",
    494            "end",
    495            "escape",
    496            "except",
    497            "execute",
    498            "exists",
    499            "extract",
    500            "false",
    501            "for",
    502            "from",
    503            "full",
    504            "group",
    505            "having",
    506            "in",
    507            "inner",
    508            "insert",
    509            "intersect",
    510            "into",
    511            "is",
    512            "join",
    513            "left",
    514            "like",
    515            "natural",
    516            "not",
    517            "null",
    518            "on",
    519            "or",
    520            "order",
    521            "outer",
    522            "prepare",
    523            "right",
    524            "select",
    525            "table",
    526            "then",
    527            "true",
    528            "union",
    529            "using",
    530            "values",
    531            "when",
    532            "where",
    533            "with",
    534        }
    535
    536        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    537            this = expression.this
    538
    539            if not this.type:
    540                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    541
    542                this = annotate_types(this)
    543
    544            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    545                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    546
    547            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    548
    549        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    550            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    551            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    552            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    553            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    554            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    555            this = expression.this
    556            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    557            value_as_timestamp = (
    558                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    559            )
    560
    561            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    562
    563            formatted_value = self.func(
    564                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    565            )
    566            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    567                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    568                formatted_value,
    569                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    570            )
    571            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    572            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    573
    574        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    575            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    576                return self.func(
    577                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    578                    expression.this,
    579                    seq_get(
    580                        apply_index_offset(
    581                            expression.this,
    582                            expression.expressions,
    583                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    584                        ),
    585                        0,
    586                    ),
    587                )
    588            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    589
    590        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    591            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    592
    593            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    594            values: t.List[str] = []
    595            schema: t.List[str] = []
    596            unknown_type = False
    597
    598            for e in expression.expressions:
    599                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    600                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    601                        unknown_type = True
    602                    else:
    603                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    604                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    605                else:
    606                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    607
    608            size = len(expression.expressions)
    609
    610            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    611                if unknown_type:
    612                    self.unsupported(
    613                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    614                    )
    615                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    616            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    617
    618        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    619            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    620                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    621            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    622
    623        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    624            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    625            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    626            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    627
    628        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    629            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    630        ) -> t.List[str]:
    631            return [
    632                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    633                self.sql(limit),
    634            ]
    635
    636        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    637            """
    638            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    639            so we need to remove them
    640            """
    641            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    642            schema = expression.this
    643            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    644                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    645            return super().create_sql(expression)
    646
    647        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    648            """
    649            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    650            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    651            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    652            """
    653            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    654            if len(tables) > 1:
    655                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    656
    657            table = tables[0]
    658            expression.set("this", table)
    659            expression.set("tables", None)
    660
    661            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    662                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    663                if table_alias:
    664                    table_alias.pop()
    665                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    666
    667            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    668
    669        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    670            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    671
    672            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    673            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    674            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    675                return self.func(
    676                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    677                )
    678
    679            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    680
    681            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    682            segments = []
    683            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    684                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    685                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    688                    )
    689                    continue
    690                key = path_key.this
    691                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    692                    key = f'"{key}"'
    693                segments.append(f".{key}")
    694
    695            expr = "".join(segments)
    696
    697            return f"{this}{expr}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'cast', 'false', 'between', 'true', 'table', 'not', 'with', 'execute', 'order', 'null', 'prepare', 'using', 'intersect', 'join', 'into', 'natural', 'distinct', 'is', 'delete', 'escape', 'and', 'from', 'insert', 'on', 'outer', 'where', 'full', 'current_time', 'group', 'for', 'alter', 'values', 'as', 'end', 'union', 'except', 'create', 'inner', 'extract', 'constraint', 'like', 'describe', 'in', 'current_timestamp', 'then', 'case', 'else', 'exists', 'left', 'right', 'or', 'select', 'deallocate', 'having', 'by', 'cross', 'when', 'drop'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    536        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    537            this = expression.this
    538
    539            if not this.type:
    540                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    541
    542                this = annotate_types(this)
    543
    544            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    545                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    546
    547            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    549        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    550            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    551            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    552            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    553            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    554            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    555            this = expression.this
    556            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    557            value_as_timestamp = (
    558                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    559            )
    560
    561            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    562
    563            formatted_value = self.func(
    564                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    565            )
    566            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    567                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    568                formatted_value,
    569                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    570            )
    571            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    572            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    574        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    575            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    576                return self.func(
    577                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    578                    expression.this,
    579                    seq_get(
    580                        apply_index_offset(
    581                            expression.this,
    582                            expression.expressions,
    583                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    584                        ),
    585                        0,
    586                    ),
    587                )
    588            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    590        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    591            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    592
    593            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    594            values: t.List[str] = []
    595            schema: t.List[str] = []
    596            unknown_type = False
    597
    598            for e in expression.expressions:
    599                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    600                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    601                        unknown_type = True
    602                    else:
    603                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    604                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    605                else:
    606                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    607
    608            size = len(expression.expressions)
    609
    610            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    611                if unknown_type:
    612                    self.unsupported(
    613                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    614                    )
    615                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    616            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    618        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    619            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    620                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    621            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    623        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    624            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    625            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    626            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    628        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    629            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    630        ) -> t.List[str]:
    631            return [
    632                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    633                self.sql(limit),
    634            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    636        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    637            """
    638            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    639            so we need to remove them
    640            """
    641            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    642            schema = expression.this
    643            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    644                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    645            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    647        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    648            """
    649            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    650            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    651            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    652            """
    653            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    654            if len(tables) > 1:
    655                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    656
    657            table = tables[0]
    658            expression.set("this", table)
    659            expression.set("tables", None)
    660
    661            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    662                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    663                if table_alias:
    664                    table_alias.pop()
    665                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    666
    667            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    669        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    670            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    671
    672            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    673            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    674            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    675                return self.func(
    676                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    677                )
    678
    679            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    680
    681            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    682            segments = []
    683            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    684                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    685                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    688                    )
    689                    continue
    690                key = path_key.this
    691                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    692                    key = f'"{key}"'
    693                segments.append(f".{key}")
    694
    695            expr = "".join(segments)
    696
    697            return f"{this}{expr}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
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