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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25)
      26from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      28
      29if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      30    from sqlglot._typing import E
      31
      32
      33# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      34def _build_datetime(
      35    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      36) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      37    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      38        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      39        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      40
      41        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      42            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      43            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      44                return exp.cast(value, kind)
      45
      46            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      47            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      48            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      49                if int_value:
      50                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      51                if not is_float(value.this):
      52                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      53
      54        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      55            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      56            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      57            return formatted_exp
      58
      59        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      60
      61    return _builder
      62
      63
      64def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      65    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      66
      67    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      68        return expression
      69
      70    return exp.Struct(
      71        expressions=[
      72            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      73        ]
      74    )
      75
      76
      77def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      78    return exp.DateDiff(
      79        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      80    )
      81
      82
      83def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      84    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      85        return expr_type(
      86            this=seq_get(args, 2),
      87            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
      88            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
      89        )
      90
      91    return _builder
      92
      93
      94# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
      95def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
      96    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
      97        exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.null()).not_()
      98    )
      99    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     100    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
     101    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     102
     103
     104# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     105def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     106    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     107    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     108
     109
     110# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     111def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     112    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     113    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     114
     115
     116def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     117    flag = expression.text("flag")
     118
     119    if "i" not in flag:
     120        flag += "i"
     121
     122    return self.func(
     123        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     124    )
     125
     126
     127def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     128    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     129
     130    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     131        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     132
     133    return regexp_replace
     134
     135
     136def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     137    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     138        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     139
     140    return _parse
     141
     142
     143def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     144    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     145    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     146    return trunc
     147
     148
     149def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     150    """
     151    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     152    so we need to unqualify them.
     153
     154    Example:
     155        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     156        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     157        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     158        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     159    """
     160    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     161        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     162
     163    return expression
     164
     165
     166def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     167    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     168
     169    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     170        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     171            expression.set("expressions", None)
     172        return expression
     173
     174    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     175    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     176        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     177            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     178                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     179                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     180                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     181
     182    return expression
     183
     184
     185def _unnest_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     186    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     187        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
     188            if (
     189                isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     190                and len(unnest.expressions) == 1
     191                and isinstance(unnest.expressions[0], exp.GenerateDateArray)
     192            ):
     193                generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     194                start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     195                end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     196                step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     197
     198                if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     199                    continue
     200
     201                unit = step.args.get("unit")
     202
     203                unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     204                if unnest_alias:
     205                    unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     206                    sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     207                else:
     208                    sequence_value_name = "value"
     209
     210                # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     211                date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     212                    [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     213                ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     214
     215                # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     216                number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     217                    [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     218                )
     219
     220                unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     221                unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     222
     223    return expression
     224
     225
     226class Snowflake(Dialect):
     227    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     228    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     229    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     230    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     231    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     232    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     233    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     234    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     235    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     236    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     237
     238    TIME_MAPPING = {
     239        "YYYY": "%Y",
     240        "yyyy": "%Y",
     241        "YY": "%y",
     242        "yy": "%y",
     243        "MMMM": "%B",
     244        "mmmm": "%B",
     245        "MON": "%b",
     246        "mon": "%b",
     247        "MM": "%m",
     248        "mm": "%m",
     249        "DD": "%d",
     250        "dd": "%-d",
     251        "DY": "%a",
     252        "dy": "%w",
     253        "HH24": "%H",
     254        "hh24": "%H",
     255        "HH12": "%I",
     256        "hh12": "%I",
     257        "MI": "%M",
     258        "mi": "%M",
     259        "SS": "%S",
     260        "ss": "%S",
     261        "FF": "%f",
     262        "ff": "%f",
     263        "FF6": "%f",
     264        "ff6": "%f",
     265    }
     266
     267    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     268        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     269        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     270        if (
     271            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     272            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     273            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     274        ):
     275            return expression  # type: ignore
     276
     277        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     278
     279    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     280        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     281        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     282        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     283
     284        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     285            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     286            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     287        }
     288
     289        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     290        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     291
     292        FUNCTIONS = {
     293            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     294            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     295            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     296            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     297                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     298            ),
     299            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     300                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     301                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     302                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     303                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     304            ),
     305            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     306            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     307            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     308            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     309            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     310            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     311            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     312            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     313            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     314            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     315                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     316            ),
     317            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     318            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     319                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     320            ),
     321            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     322            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     323            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     324            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     325                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     326            ),
     327            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     328            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     329            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     330            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
     331                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     332                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     333                position=seq_get(args, 2),
     334                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     335                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     336                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     337            ),
     338            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     339            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     340            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     341            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     342            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     343            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     344            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     345            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     346            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     347            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     348            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     349            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     350                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     351                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     352                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     353                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     354            ),
     355            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     356            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     357            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     358            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     359            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     360            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     361            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     362        }
     363
     364        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     365            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     366            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     367            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     368        }
     369        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     370
     371        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     372
     373        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     374            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     375            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     376            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     377        }
     378
     379        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     380            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     381            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     382                exp.Set,
     383                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     384                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     385                unset=True,
     386            ),
     387            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     388        }
     389
     390        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     391            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     392            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     393        }
     394
     395        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     396            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     397            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     398        }
     399
     400        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     401            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     402            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     403        }
     404
     405        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     406            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     407            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     408            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     409            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     410            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     411            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     412            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     413            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     414            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     415            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     416            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     417            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     418            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     419            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     420            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     421            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     422            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     423            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     424            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     425        }
     426
     427        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     428            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     429            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     430            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     431            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     432            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     433        }
     434
     435        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     436            TokenType.DOT,
     437            TokenType.MOD,
     438            TokenType.SLASH,
     439        }
     440
     441        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     442
     443        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     444
     445        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     446
     447        LAMBDAS = {
     448            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     449            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     450                exp.Lambda,
     451                this=self._replace_lambda(
     452                    self._parse_assignment(),
     453                    expressions,
     454                ),
     455                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     456            ),
     457        }
     458
     459        def _negate_range(
     460            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     461        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     462            if not this:
     463                return this
     464
     465            query = this.args.get("query")
     466            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     467                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     468                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     469                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     470                #
     471                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     472                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     473                return self.expression(
     474                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     475                )
     476
     477            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     478
     479        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     480            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     481                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     482
     483            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     484                policy = self._parse_column()
     485                return self.expression(
     486                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     487                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     488                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     489                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     490                )
     491            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     492                policy = self._parse_column()
     493                return self.expression(
     494                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     495                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     496                )
     497            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     498                return self.expression(
     499                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     500                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     501                )
     502
     503            return None
     504
     505        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     506            expression = super()._parse_create()
     507            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     508                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     509                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     510
     511            return expression
     512
     513        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     514        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     515        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     516            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     517
     518            if not this:
     519                return None
     520
     521            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     522            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     523            this = map_date_part(this)
     524            name = this.name.upper()
     525
     526            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     527                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     528                    scale = 10**3
     529                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     530                    scale = 10**6
     531                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     532                    scale = 10**9
     533                else:
     534                    scale = None
     535
     536                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     537                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     538
     539                if scale:
     540                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     541
     542                return to_unix
     543
     544            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     545
     546        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     547            if is_map:
     548                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     549                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     550                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     551                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     552
     553            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     554
     555        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     556            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     557            if not lateral:
     558                return lateral
     559
     560            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     561                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     562                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     563                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     564                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     565                elif not table_alias:
     566                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     567
     568            return lateral
     569
     570        def _parse_table_parts(
     571            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     572        ) -> exp.Table:
     573            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     574            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     575                table = self._parse_string()
     576            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     577                table = self._parse_location_path()
     578            else:
     579                table = None
     580
     581            if table:
     582                file_format = None
     583                pattern = None
     584
     585                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     586                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     587                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     588                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     589                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     590                        )
     591                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     592                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     593                    else:
     594                        break
     595
     596                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     597
     598                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     599            else:
     600                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     601
     602            return table
     603
     604        def _parse_id_var(
     605            self,
     606            any_token: bool = True,
     607            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     608        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     609            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     610                identifier = (
     611                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     612                    or self._parse_string()
     613                )
     614                self._match_r_paren()
     615                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     616
     617            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     618
     619        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     620            scope = None
     621            scope_kind = None
     622
     623            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     624            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     625            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     626
     627            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     628
     629            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     630
     631            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     632                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     633                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     634                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     635                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     636                    if self._curr:
     637                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     638                elif self._curr:
     639                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     640                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     641
     642            return self.expression(
     643                exp.Show,
     644                **{
     645                    "terse": terse,
     646                    "this": this,
     647                    "history": history,
     648                    "like": like,
     649                    "scope": scope,
     650                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     651                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     652                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     653                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     654                },
     655            )
     656
     657        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     658            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     659            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     660
     661        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     662            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     663            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     664
     665        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     666            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     667            return (
     668                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     669                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     670                else self._parse_table_parts()
     671            )
     672
     673        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     674            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     675
     676            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     677            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     678            # in case of subqueries
     679            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     680                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     681            ):
     682                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     683
     684            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     685
     686        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     687            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     688
     689            if not this:
     690                return this
     691
     692            typ = self._parse_types()
     693
     694            if typ:
     695                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     696
     697            return this
     698
     699    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     700        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     701        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     702        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     703        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     704        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     705
     706        KEYWORDS = {
     707            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     708            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     709            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     710            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     711            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     712            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     713            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     714            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     715            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     716            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     717            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     718            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     719            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     720            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     721            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     722            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     723            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     724            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     725            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     726            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     727            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     728            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     729            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     730        }
     731        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     732
     733        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     734            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     735            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     736        }
     737
     738        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     739
     740        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     741
     742    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     743        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     744        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     745        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     746        JOIN_HINTS = False
     747        TABLE_HINTS = False
     748        QUERY_HINTS = False
     749        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     750        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     751        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     752        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     753        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     754        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     755        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     756        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     757        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     758        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     759        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     760        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     761        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     762        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     763
     764        TRANSFORMS = {
     765            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     766            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     767            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     768            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     769            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     770            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     771            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     772            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     773                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     774            ),
     775            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     776            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     777            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     778            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     779            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     780            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     781            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     782            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     783            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     784            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     785            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     786                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     787            ),
     788            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     789                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     790            ),
     791            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     792            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     793            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     794            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     795                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     796            ),
     797            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     798            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     799            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     800            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     801            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     802            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     803            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     804            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     805                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     806            ),
     807            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     808            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     809                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     810            ),
     811            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     812                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     813            ),
     814            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     815            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     816            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     817            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     818                [
     819                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     820                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     821                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     822                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     823                ]
     824            ),
     825            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     826            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     827            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     828            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     829                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     830            ),
     831            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     832            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     833            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     834            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     835                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     836            ),
     837            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     838            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     839            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     840                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     841            ),
     842            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     843            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     844            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     845            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     846            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     847            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     848                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     849            ),
     850            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     851            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     852            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     853            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     854            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     855        }
     856
     857        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     858            exp.JSONPathKey,
     859            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     860            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     861        }
     862
     863        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     864            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     865            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     866            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     867        }
     868
     869        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     870            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     871            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     872            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     873        }
     874
     875        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     876            exp.Map,
     877            exp.StarMap,
     878            exp.Struct,
     879            exp.VarMap,
     880        }
     881
     882        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     883            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     884
     885        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     886            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     887                values_as_table = False
     888
     889            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     890
     891        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     892            expressions = expression.expressions
     893            if (
     894                expressions
     895                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     896                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     897            ):
     898                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     899                return "OBJECT"
     900
     901            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     902
     903        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     904            return self.func(
     905                "TO_NUMBER",
     906                expression.this,
     907                expression.args.get("format"),
     908                expression.args.get("precision"),
     909                expression.args.get("scale"),
     910            )
     911
     912        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     913            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     914            if milli is not None:
     915                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     916                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     917
     918            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     919
     920        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
     921            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
     922                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
     923            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
     924                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
     925
     926            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
     927
     928        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     929            value = expression.this
     930
     931            if value.type is None:
     932                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     933
     934                value = annotate_types(value)
     935
     936            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     937                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     938
     939            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     940            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     941
     942        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     943            if not expression.expression:
     944                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     945
     946            return super().log_sql(expression)
     947
     948        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     949            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     950            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     951
     952            columns = [
     953                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     954                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     955                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     956                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     957                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     958                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     959                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     960            ]
     961
     962            if unnest_alias:
     963                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     964            else:
     965                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     966
     967            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     968            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     969            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     970            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     971
     972        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     973            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     974            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     975            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     976            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     977
     978            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     979            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     980
     981            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     982            if scope_kind:
     983                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     984
     985            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     986            if starts_with:
     987                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     988
     989            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     990
     991            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     992            if from_:
     993                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     994
     995            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     996
     997        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     998            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     999            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    1000            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1001
    1002            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
    1003            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
    1004            if group and group.name == "0":
    1005                group = None
    1006
    1007            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1008            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1009            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1010
    1011            return self.func(
    1012                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1013                expression.this,
    1014                expression.expression,
    1015                position,
    1016                occurrence,
    1017                parameters,
    1018                group,
    1019            )
    1020
    1021        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1022            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1023            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1024            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1025            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1026            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1027            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1028            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1029
    1030        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1031            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1032        ) -> str:
    1033            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1034            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1035            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1036            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1037            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1038
    1039        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1040            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1041            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1042
    1043        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1044            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1045
    1046        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1047            keys = []
    1048            values = []
    1049
    1050            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1051                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1052                    keys.append(
    1053                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1054                    )
    1055                    values.append(e.expression)
    1056                else:
    1057                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1058                    values.append(e)
    1059
    1060            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1061
    1062        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1063        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1064            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1065
    1066        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1067            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1068            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1069            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1070            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1071            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1072            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1073            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1074            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1075
    1076            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     227class Snowflake(Dialect):
     228    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     229    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     230    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     231    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     232    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     233    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     234    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     235    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     236    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     237    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     238
     239    TIME_MAPPING = {
     240        "YYYY": "%Y",
     241        "yyyy": "%Y",
     242        "YY": "%y",
     243        "yy": "%y",
     244        "MMMM": "%B",
     245        "mmmm": "%B",
     246        "MON": "%b",
     247        "mon": "%b",
     248        "MM": "%m",
     249        "mm": "%m",
     250        "DD": "%d",
     251        "dd": "%-d",
     252        "DY": "%a",
     253        "dy": "%w",
     254        "HH24": "%H",
     255        "hh24": "%H",
     256        "HH12": "%I",
     257        "hh12": "%I",
     258        "MI": "%M",
     259        "mi": "%M",
     260        "SS": "%S",
     261        "ss": "%S",
     262        "FF": "%f",
     263        "ff": "%f",
     264        "FF6": "%f",
     265        "ff6": "%f",
     266    }
     267
     268    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     269        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     270        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     271        if (
     272            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     273            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     274            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     275        ):
     276            return expression  # type: ignore
     277
     278        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     279
     280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     281        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     282        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     283        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     284
     285        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     286            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     287            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     288        }
     289
     290        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     291        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     292
     293        FUNCTIONS = {
     294            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     295            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     296            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     297            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     298                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     299            ),
     300            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     301                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     302                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     303                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     304                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     305            ),
     306            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     307            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     308            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     309            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     310            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     311            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     312            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     313            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     314            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     315            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     316                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     317            ),
     318            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     319            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     320                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     321            ),
     322            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     323            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     324            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     325            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     326                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     327            ),
     328            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     329            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     330            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     331            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
     332                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     333                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     334                position=seq_get(args, 2),
     335                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     336                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     337                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     338            ),
     339            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     340            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     341            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     342            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     343            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     344            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     345            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     346            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     347            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     348            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     349            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     350            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     351                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     352                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     353                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     354                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     355            ),
     356            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     357            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     358            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     359            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     360            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     361            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     362            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     363        }
     364
     365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     366            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     367            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     368            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     369        }
     370        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     371
     372        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     373
     374        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     375            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     376            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     377            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     378        }
     379
     380        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     381            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     382            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     383                exp.Set,
     384                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     385                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     386                unset=True,
     387            ),
     388            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     389        }
     390
     391        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     392            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     393            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     394        }
     395
     396        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     397            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     398            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     399        }
     400
     401        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     402            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     403            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     404        }
     405
     406        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     407            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     408            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     409            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     410            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     411            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     412            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     413            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     414            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     415            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     416            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     417            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     418            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     419            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     420            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     421            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     422            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     423            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     424            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     425            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     426        }
     427
     428        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     429            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     430            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     431            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     432            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     433            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     434        }
     435
     436        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     437            TokenType.DOT,
     438            TokenType.MOD,
     439            TokenType.SLASH,
     440        }
     441
     442        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     443
     444        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     445
     446        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     447
     448        LAMBDAS = {
     449            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     450            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     451                exp.Lambda,
     452                this=self._replace_lambda(
     453                    self._parse_assignment(),
     454                    expressions,
     455                ),
     456                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     457            ),
     458        }
     459
     460        def _negate_range(
     461            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     462        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     463            if not this:
     464                return this
     465
     466            query = this.args.get("query")
     467            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     468                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     469                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     470                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     471                #
     472                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     473                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     474                return self.expression(
     475                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     476                )
     477
     478            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     479
     480        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     481            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     482                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     483
     484            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     485                policy = self._parse_column()
     486                return self.expression(
     487                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     488                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     489                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     490                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     491                )
     492            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     493                policy = self._parse_column()
     494                return self.expression(
     495                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     496                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     497                )
     498            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     499                return self.expression(
     500                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     501                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     502                )
     503
     504            return None
     505
     506        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     507            expression = super()._parse_create()
     508            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     509                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     510                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     511
     512            return expression
     513
     514        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     515        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     516        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     517            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     518
     519            if not this:
     520                return None
     521
     522            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     523            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     524            this = map_date_part(this)
     525            name = this.name.upper()
     526
     527            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     528                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     529                    scale = 10**3
     530                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     531                    scale = 10**6
     532                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     533                    scale = 10**9
     534                else:
     535                    scale = None
     536
     537                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     538                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     539
     540                if scale:
     541                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     542
     543                return to_unix
     544
     545            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     546
     547        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     548            if is_map:
     549                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     550                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     551                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     552                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     553
     554            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     555
     556        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     557            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     558            if not lateral:
     559                return lateral
     560
     561            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     562                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     563                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     564                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     565                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     566                elif not table_alias:
     567                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     568
     569            return lateral
     570
     571        def _parse_table_parts(
     572            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     573        ) -> exp.Table:
     574            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     575            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     576                table = self._parse_string()
     577            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     578                table = self._parse_location_path()
     579            else:
     580                table = None
     581
     582            if table:
     583                file_format = None
     584                pattern = None
     585
     586                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     587                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     588                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     589                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     590                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     591                        )
     592                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     593                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     594                    else:
     595                        break
     596
     597                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     598
     599                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     600            else:
     601                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     602
     603            return table
     604
     605        def _parse_id_var(
     606            self,
     607            any_token: bool = True,
     608            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     609        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     610            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     611                identifier = (
     612                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     613                    or self._parse_string()
     614                )
     615                self._match_r_paren()
     616                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     617
     618            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     619
     620        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     621            scope = None
     622            scope_kind = None
     623
     624            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     625            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     626            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     627
     628            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     629
     630            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     631
     632            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     633                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     634                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     635                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     636                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     637                    if self._curr:
     638                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     639                elif self._curr:
     640                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     641                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     642
     643            return self.expression(
     644                exp.Show,
     645                **{
     646                    "terse": terse,
     647                    "this": this,
     648                    "history": history,
     649                    "like": like,
     650                    "scope": scope,
     651                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     652                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     653                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     654                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     655                },
     656            )
     657
     658        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     659            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     660            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     661
     662        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     663            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     664            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     665
     666        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     667            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     668            return (
     669                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     670                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     671                else self._parse_table_parts()
     672            )
     673
     674        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     675            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     676
     677            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     678            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     679            # in case of subqueries
     680            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     681                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     682            ):
     683                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     684
     685            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     686
     687        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     688            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     689
     690            if not this:
     691                return this
     692
     693            typ = self._parse_types()
     694
     695            if typ:
     696                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     697
     698            return this
     699
     700    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     701        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     702        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     703        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     704        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     705        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     706
     707        KEYWORDS = {
     708            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     709            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     710            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     711            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     712            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     713            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     714            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     715            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     716            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     717            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     718            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     719            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     720            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     721            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     722            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     723            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     724            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     725            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     726            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     727            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     728            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     729            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     730            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     731        }
     732        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     733
     734        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     735            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     736            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     737        }
     738
     739        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     740
     741        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     742
     743    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     744        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     745        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     746        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     747        JOIN_HINTS = False
     748        TABLE_HINTS = False
     749        QUERY_HINTS = False
     750        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     751        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     752        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     753        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     754        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     755        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     756        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     757        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     758        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     759        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     760        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     761        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     762        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     763        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     764
     765        TRANSFORMS = {
     766            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     767            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     768            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     769            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     770            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     771            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     772            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     773            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     774                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     775            ),
     776            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     777            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     778            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     779            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     780            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     781            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     782            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     783            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     784            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     785            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     786            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     788            ),
     789            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     790                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     791            ),
     792            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     793            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     794            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     795            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     796                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     797            ),
     798            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     799            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     800            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     801            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     802            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     803            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     804            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     805            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     806                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     807            ),
     808            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     809            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     810                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     811            ),
     812            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     813                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     814            ),
     815            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     816            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     817            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     818            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     819                [
     820                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     821                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     822                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     823                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     824                ]
     825            ),
     826            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     827            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     828            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     829            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     830                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     831            ),
     832            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     833            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     834            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     835            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     836                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     837            ),
     838            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     839            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     840            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     841                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     842            ),
     843            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     844            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     845            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     846            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     847            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     848            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     849                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     850            ),
     851            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     852            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     853            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     854            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     855            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     856        }
     857
     858        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     859            exp.JSONPathKey,
     860            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     861            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     862        }
     863
     864        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     865            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     866            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     867            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     868        }
     869
     870        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     871            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     872            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     873            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     874        }
     875
     876        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     877            exp.Map,
     878            exp.StarMap,
     879            exp.Struct,
     880            exp.VarMap,
     881        }
     882
     883        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     884            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     885
     886        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     887            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     888                values_as_table = False
     889
     890            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     891
     892        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     893            expressions = expression.expressions
     894            if (
     895                expressions
     896                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     897                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     898            ):
     899                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     900                return "OBJECT"
     901
     902            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     903
     904        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     905            return self.func(
     906                "TO_NUMBER",
     907                expression.this,
     908                expression.args.get("format"),
     909                expression.args.get("precision"),
     910                expression.args.get("scale"),
     911            )
     912
     913        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     914            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     915            if milli is not None:
     916                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     917                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     918
     919            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     920
     921        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
     922            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
     923                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
     924            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
     925                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
     926
     927            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
     928
     929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     930            value = expression.this
     931
     932            if value.type is None:
     933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     934
     935                value = annotate_types(value)
     936
     937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     939
     940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     941            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     942
     943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     944            if not expression.expression:
     945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     946
     947            return super().log_sql(expression)
     948
     949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     952
     953            columns = [
     954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     961            ]
     962
     963            if unnest_alias:
     964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     965            else:
     966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     967
     968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     971            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     972
     973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     978
     979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     981
     982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     983            if scope_kind:
     984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     985
     986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     987            if starts_with:
     988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     989
     990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     991
     992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     993            if from_:
     994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     995
     996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     997
     998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1002
    1003            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
    1004            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
    1005            if group and group.name == "0":
    1006                group = None
    1007
    1008            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1009            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1010            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1011
    1012            return self.func(
    1013                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1014                expression.this,
    1015                expression.expression,
    1016                position,
    1017                occurrence,
    1018                parameters,
    1019                group,
    1020            )
    1021
    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1030
    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1039
    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1043
    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1046
    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1062
    1063        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1064        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1065            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1066
    1067        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1068            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1069            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1070            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1071            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1072            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1073            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1074            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1075            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1076
    1077            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    268    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    269        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    270        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    271        if (
    272            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    273            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    274            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    275        ):
    276            return expression  # type: ignore
    277
    278        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    281        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    282        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    283        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    284
    285        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    286            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    287            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    288        }
    289
    290        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    291        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    292
    293        FUNCTIONS = {
    294            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    295            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    296            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    297            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    298                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    299            ),
    300            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    301                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    302                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    303                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    304                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    305            ),
    306            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    307            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    308            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    309            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    310            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    311            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    312            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    313            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    314            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    315            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    317            ),
    318            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    319            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    320                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    321            ),
    322            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    323            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    324            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    325            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
    326                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
    327            ),
    328            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    329            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    330            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    331            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    332                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    333                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    334                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    335                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    336                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
    337                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
    338            ),
    339            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    340            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    341            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    342            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    343            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    344            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    345            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    346            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    347            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    348            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    349            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    350            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    351                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    352                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    353                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    354                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    355            ),
    356            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    357            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    358            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    359            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    360            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    361            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    362            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    363        }
    364
    365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    366            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    367            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    368            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    369        }
    370        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    371
    372        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    373
    374        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    375            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    376            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    377            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    378        }
    379
    380        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    381            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    382            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    383                exp.Set,
    384                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    385                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    386                unset=True,
    387            ),
    388            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    389        }
    390
    391        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    392            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    393            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    394        }
    395
    396        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    397            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    398            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    399        }
    400
    401        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    402            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    403            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    404        }
    405
    406        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    407            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    408            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    409            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    410            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    411            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    412            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    413            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    414            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    415            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    416            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    417            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    418            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    419            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    420            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    421            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    422            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    423            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    424            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    425            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    426        }
    427
    428        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    429            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    430            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    431            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    432            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    433            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    434        }
    435
    436        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    437            TokenType.DOT,
    438            TokenType.MOD,
    439            TokenType.SLASH,
    440        }
    441
    442        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    443
    444        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    445
    446        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    447
    448        LAMBDAS = {
    449            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    450            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    451                exp.Lambda,
    452                this=self._replace_lambda(
    453                    self._parse_assignment(),
    454                    expressions,
    455                ),
    456                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    457            ),
    458        }
    459
    460        def _negate_range(
    461            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    462        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    463            if not this:
    464                return this
    465
    466            query = this.args.get("query")
    467            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    468                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    469                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    470                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    471                #
    472                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    473                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    474                return self.expression(
    475                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    476                )
    477
    478            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    479
    480        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    481            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    482                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    483
    484            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    485                policy = self._parse_column()
    486                return self.expression(
    487                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    488                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    489                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    490                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    491                )
    492            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    493                policy = self._parse_column()
    494                return self.expression(
    495                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    496                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    497                )
    498            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    499                return self.expression(
    500                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
    501                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    502                )
    503
    504            return None
    505
    506        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    507            expression = super()._parse_create()
    508            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    509                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    510                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    511
    512            return expression
    513
    514        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    515        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    516        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    517            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    518
    519            if not this:
    520                return None
    521
    522            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    523            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    524            this = map_date_part(this)
    525            name = this.name.upper()
    526
    527            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    528                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    529                    scale = 10**3
    530                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    531                    scale = 10**6
    532                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    533                    scale = 10**9
    534                else:
    535                    scale = None
    536
    537                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    538                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    539
    540                if scale:
    541                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    542
    543                return to_unix
    544
    545            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    546
    547        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    548            if is_map:
    549                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    550                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    551                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    552                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    553
    554            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    555
    556        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    557            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    558            if not lateral:
    559                return lateral
    560
    561            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    562                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    563                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    564                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    565                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    566                elif not table_alias:
    567                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    568
    569            return lateral
    570
    571        def _parse_table_parts(
    572            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    573        ) -> exp.Table:
    574            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    575            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    576                table = self._parse_string()
    577            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    578                table = self._parse_location_path()
    579            else:
    580                table = None
    581
    582            if table:
    583                file_format = None
    584                pattern = None
    585
    586                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    587                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    588                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    589                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    590                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    591                        )
    592                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    593                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    594                    else:
    595                        break
    596
    597                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    598
    599                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    600            else:
    601                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    602
    603            return table
    604
    605        def _parse_id_var(
    606            self,
    607            any_token: bool = True,
    608            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    609        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    610            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    611                identifier = (
    612                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    613                    or self._parse_string()
    614                )
    615                self._match_r_paren()
    616                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    617
    618            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    619
    620        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    621            scope = None
    622            scope_kind = None
    623
    624            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    625            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    626            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    627
    628            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    629
    630            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    631
    632            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    633                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    634                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    635                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    636                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    637                    if self._curr:
    638                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    639                elif self._curr:
    640                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    641                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    642
    643            return self.expression(
    644                exp.Show,
    645                **{
    646                    "terse": terse,
    647                    "this": this,
    648                    "history": history,
    649                    "like": like,
    650                    "scope": scope,
    651                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    652                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    653                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    654                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    655                },
    656            )
    657
    658        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    659            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    660            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    661
    662        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    663            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    664            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    665
    666        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    667            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    668            return (
    669                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    670                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    671                else self._parse_table_parts()
    672            )
    673
    674        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    675            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    676
    677            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    678            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    679            # in case of subqueries
    680            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    681                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    682            ):
    683                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    684
    685            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    686
    687        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    688            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    689
    690            if not this:
    691                return this
    692
    693            typ = self._parse_types()
    694
    695            if typ:
    696                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    697
    698            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'IMPORTED KEYS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'VIEWS', 'SEQUENCES', 'OBJECTS', 'TABLES'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'TAG', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    700    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    701        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    702        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    703        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    704        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    705        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    706
    707        KEYWORDS = {
    708            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    709            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    710            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    711            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    712            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    713            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    714            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    715            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    716            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    717            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    718            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    719            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    720            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    721            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    722            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    723            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    724            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    725            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    726            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    727            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    728            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    729            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    730            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    731        }
    732        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    733
    734        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    735            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    736            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    737        }
    738
    739        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    740
    741        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     743    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     744        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     745        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     746        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     747        JOIN_HINTS = False
     748        TABLE_HINTS = False
     749        QUERY_HINTS = False
     750        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     751        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     752        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     753        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     754        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     755        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     756        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     757        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     758        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     759        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     760        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     761        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     762        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     763        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     764
     765        TRANSFORMS = {
     766            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     767            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     768            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     769            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     770            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     771            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     772            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     773            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     774                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     775            ),
     776            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     777            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     778            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     779            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     780            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     781            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     782            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     783            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     784            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     785            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     786            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     788            ),
     789            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     790                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     791            ),
     792            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     793            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     794            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     795            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     796                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     797            ),
     798            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     799            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     800            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     801            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     802            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     803            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     804            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     805            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     806                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     807            ),
     808            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     809            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     810                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     811            ),
     812            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     813                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     814            ),
     815            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     816            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     817            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     818            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     819                [
     820                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     821                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     822                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     823                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     824                ]
     825            ),
     826            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     827            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     828            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     829            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     830                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     831            ),
     832            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     833            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     834            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     835            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     836                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     837            ),
     838            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     839            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     840            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     841                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     842            ),
     843            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     844            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     845            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     846            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     847            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     848            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     849                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     850            ),
     851            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     852            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     853            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     854            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     855            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     856        }
     857
     858        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     859            exp.JSONPathKey,
     860            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     861            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     862        }
     863
     864        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     865            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     866            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     867            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     868        }
     869
     870        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     871            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     872            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     873            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     874        }
     875
     876        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     877            exp.Map,
     878            exp.StarMap,
     879            exp.Struct,
     880            exp.VarMap,
     881        }
     882
     883        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     884            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     885
     886        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     887            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     888                values_as_table = False
     889
     890            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     891
     892        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     893            expressions = expression.expressions
     894            if (
     895                expressions
     896                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     897                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     898            ):
     899                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     900                return "OBJECT"
     901
     902            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     903
     904        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     905            return self.func(
     906                "TO_NUMBER",
     907                expression.this,
     908                expression.args.get("format"),
     909                expression.args.get("precision"),
     910                expression.args.get("scale"),
     911            )
     912
     913        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     914            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     915            if milli is not None:
     916                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     917                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     918
     919            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     920
     921        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
     922            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
     923                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
     924            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
     925                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
     926
     927            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
     928
     929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     930            value = expression.this
     931
     932            if value.type is None:
     933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     934
     935                value = annotate_types(value)
     936
     937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     939
     940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     941            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     942
     943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     944            if not expression.expression:
     945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     946
     947            return super().log_sql(expression)
     948
     949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     952
     953            columns = [
     954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     961            ]
     962
     963            if unnest_alias:
     964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     965            else:
     966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     967
     968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     971            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     972
     973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     978
     979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     981
     982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     983            if scope_kind:
     984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     985
     986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     987            if starts_with:
     988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     989
     990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     991
     992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     993            if from_:
     994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     995
     996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     997
     998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1002
    1003            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
    1004            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
    1005            if group and group.name == "0":
    1006                group = None
    1007
    1008            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1009            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1010            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1011
    1012            return self.func(
    1013                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1014                expression.this,
    1015                expression.expression,
    1016                position,
    1017                occurrence,
    1018                parameters,
    1019                group,
    1020            )
    1021
    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1030
    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1039
    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1043
    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1046
    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1062
    1063        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1064        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1065            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1066
    1067        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1068            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1069            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1070            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1071            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1072            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1073            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1074            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1075            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1076
    1077            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    883        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    884            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    886        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    887            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    888                values_as_table = False
    889
    890            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    892        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    893            expressions = expression.expressions
    894            if (
    895                expressions
    896                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    897                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    898            ):
    899                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    900                return "OBJECT"
    901
    902            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    904        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    905            return self.func(
    906                "TO_NUMBER",
    907                expression.this,
    908                expression.args.get("format"),
    909                expression.args.get("precision"),
    910                expression.args.get("scale"),
    911            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    913        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    914            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    915            if milli is not None:
    916                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    917                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    918
    919            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    921        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    922            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    923                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    924            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    925                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    926
    927            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    929        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    930            value = expression.this
    931
    932            if value.type is None:
    933                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    934
    935                value = annotate_types(value)
    936
    937            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    938                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    939
    940            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    941            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    943        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    944            if not expression.expression:
    945                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    946
    947            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    949        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    950            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    951            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    952
    953            columns = [
    954                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    955                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    956                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    957                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    958                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    959                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    960                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    961            ]
    962
    963            if unnest_alias:
    964                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    965            else:
    966                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    967
    968            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    969            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    970            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    971            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    973        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    974            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    975            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    976            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    977            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    978
    979            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    980            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    981
    982            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    983            if scope_kind:
    984                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    985
    986            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    987            if starts_with:
    988                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    989
    990            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    991
    992            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    993            if from_:
    994                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    995
    996            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

     998        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     999            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    1000            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    1001            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1002
    1003            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
    1004            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
    1005            if group and group.name == "0":
    1006                group = None
    1007
    1008            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1009            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1010            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1011
    1012            return self.func(
    1013                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1014                expression.this,
    1015                expression.expression,
    1016                position,
    1017                occurrence,
    1018                parameters,
    1019                group,
    1020            )

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1022        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1023            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1024            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1025            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1026            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1027            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1028            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1029            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1031        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1032            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1033        ) -> str:
    1034            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1035            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1036            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1037            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1038            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    1040        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1041            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1042            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1044        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1045            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1047        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1048            keys = []
    1049            values = []
    1050
    1051            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1052                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1053                    keys.append(
    1054                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1055                    )
    1056                    values.append(e.expression)
    1057                else:
    1058                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1059                    values.append(e)
    1060
    1061            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@generator.unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1063        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1064        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1065            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1067        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1068            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1069            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1070            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1071            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1072            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1073            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1074            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1075            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1076
    1077            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
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