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# sqlglot.dialects.hive

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    DATE_ADD_OR_SUB,
      8    Dialect,
      9    NormalizationStrategy,
     10    approx_count_distinct_sql,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    build_formatted_time,
     14    if_sql,
     15    is_parse_json,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    locate_to_strposition,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    no_ilike_sql,
     21    no_recursive_cte_sql,
     22    no_safe_divide_sql,
     23    no_trycast_sql,
     24    regexp_extract_sql,
     25    regexp_replace_sql,
     26    rename_func,
     27    right_to_substring_sql,
     28    strposition_to_locate_sql,
     29    struct_extract_sql,
     30    time_format,
     31    timestrtotime_sql,
     32    var_map_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.transforms import (
     35    remove_unique_constraints,
     36    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
     37    preprocess,
     38    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
     39)
     40from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     41from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     42
     43# (FuncType, Multiplier)
     44DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     45    "YEAR": ("ADD_MONTHS", 12),
     46    "MONTH": ("ADD_MONTHS", 1),
     47    "QUARTER": ("ADD_MONTHS", 3),
     48    "WEEK": ("DATE_ADD", 7),
     49    "DAY": ("DATE_ADD", 1),
     50}
     51
     52TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {
     53    "MILLISECOND": " * 1000",
     54    "SECOND": "",
     55    "MINUTE": " / 60",
     56    "HOUR": " / 3600",
     57}
     58
     59DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ("YEAR", "QUARTER", "MONTH")
     60
     61
     62def _add_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
     63    if isinstance(expression, exp.TsOrDsAdd) and not expression.unit:
     64        return self.func("DATE_ADD", expression.this, expression.expression)
     65
     66    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     67    func, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("DATE_ADD", 1))
     68
     69    if isinstance(expression, exp.DateSub):
     70        multiplier *= -1
     71
     72    if expression.expression.is_number:
     73        modified_increment = exp.Literal.number(int(expression.text("expression")) * multiplier)
     74    else:
     75        modified_increment = expression.expression
     76        if multiplier != 1:
     77            modified_increment = exp.Mul(  # type: ignore
     78                this=modified_increment, expression=exp.Literal.number(multiplier)
     79            )
     80
     81    return self.func(func, expression.this, modified_increment)
     82
     83
     84def _date_diff_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.DateDiff | exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     85    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     86
     87    factor = TIME_DIFF_FACTOR.get(unit)
     88    if factor is not None:
     89        left = self.sql(expression, "this")
     90        right = self.sql(expression, "expression")
     91        sec_diff = f"UNIX_TIMESTAMP({left}) - UNIX_TIMESTAMP({right})"
     92        return f"({sec_diff}){factor}" if factor else sec_diff
     93
     94    months_between = unit in DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH
     95    sql_func = "MONTHS_BETWEEN" if months_between else "DATEDIFF"
     96    _, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("", 1))
     97    multiplier_sql = f" / {multiplier}" if multiplier > 1 else ""
     98    diff_sql = f"{sql_func}({self.format_args(expression.this, expression.expression)})"
     99
    100    if months_between or multiplier_sql:
    101        # MONTHS_BETWEEN returns a float, so we need to truncate the fractional part.
    102        # For the same reason, we want to truncate if there's a divisor present.
    103        diff_sql = f"CAST({diff_sql}{multiplier_sql} AS INT)"
    104
    105    return diff_sql
    106
    107
    108def _json_format_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    109    this = expression.this
    110
    111    if is_parse_json(this):
    112        if this.this.is_string:
    113            # Since FROM_JSON requires a nested type, we always wrap the json string with
    114            # an array to ensure that "naked" strings like "'a'" will be handled correctly
    115            wrapped_json = exp.Literal.string(f"[{this.this.name}]")
    116
    117            from_json = self.func(
    118                "FROM_JSON", wrapped_json, self.func("SCHEMA_OF_JSON", wrapped_json)
    119            )
    120            to_json = self.func("TO_JSON", from_json)
    121
    122            # This strips the [, ] delimiters of the dummy array printed by TO_JSON
    123            return self.func("REGEXP_EXTRACT", to_json, "'^.(.*).$'", "1")
    124        return self.sql(this)
    125
    126    return self.func("TO_JSON", this, expression.args.get("options"))
    127
    128
    129def _array_sort_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.ArraySort) -> str:
    130    if expression.expression:
    131        self.unsupported("Hive SORT_ARRAY does not support a comparator")
    132    return self.func("SORT_ARRAY", expression.this)
    133
    134
    135def _property_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.Property) -> str:
    136    return f"{self.property_name(expression, string_key=True)}={self.sql(expression, 'value')}"
    137
    138
    139def _str_to_unix_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    140    return self.func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, time_format("hive")(self, expression))
    141
    142
    143def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    144    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    145    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    146    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    147        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    148
    149    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME({timestamp} / POW(10, {scale}))"
    150
    151
    152def _str_to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate) -> str:
    153    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    154    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    155    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    156        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    157    return f"CAST({this} AS DATE)"
    158
    159
    160def _str_to_time_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToTime) -> str:
    161    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    162    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    163    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    164        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    165    return f"CAST({this} AS TIMESTAMP)"
    166
    167
    168def _to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
    169    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    170    if time_format and time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    171        return self.func("TO_DATE", expression.this, time_format)
    172
    173    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    174        return self.sql(expression, "this")
    175
    176    return self.func("TO_DATE", expression.this)
    177
    178
    179def _build_with_ignore_nulls(
    180    exp_class: t.Type[exp.Expression],
    181) -> t.Callable[[t.List[exp.Expression]], exp.Expression]:
    182    def _parse(args: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Expression:
    183        this = exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 0))
    184        if seq_get(args, 1) == exp.true():
    185            return exp.IgnoreNulls(this=this)
    186        return this
    187
    188    return _parse
    189
    190
    191class Hive(Dialect):
    192    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    193    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    194    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    195    SAFE_DIVISION = True
    196
    197    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    198    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    199
    200    TIME_MAPPING = {
    201        "y": "%Y",
    202        "Y": "%Y",
    203        "YYYY": "%Y",
    204        "yyyy": "%Y",
    205        "YY": "%y",
    206        "yy": "%y",
    207        "MMMM": "%B",
    208        "MMM": "%b",
    209        "MM": "%m",
    210        "M": "%-m",
    211        "dd": "%d",
    212        "d": "%-d",
    213        "HH": "%H",
    214        "H": "%-H",
    215        "hh": "%I",
    216        "h": "%-I",
    217        "mm": "%M",
    218        "m": "%-M",
    219        "ss": "%S",
    220        "s": "%-S",
    221        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    222        "a": "%p",
    223        "DD": "%j",
    224        "D": "%-j",
    225        "E": "%a",
    226        "EE": "%a",
    227        "EEE": "%a",
    228        "EEEE": "%A",
    229    }
    230
    231    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    232    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    233    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    234
    235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    236        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    239
    240        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    241            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    242            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    243        }
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    255            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    256            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    258        }
    259
    260        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    261            "L": "BIGINT",
    262            "S": "SMALLINT",
    263            "Y": "TINYINT",
    264            "D": "DOUBLE",
    265            "F": "FLOAT",
    266            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    267        }
    268
    269    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271        STRICT_CAST = False
    272        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    273
    274        FUNCTIONS = {
    275            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    276            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    277            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    281            ),
    282            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    283                [
    284                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    285                    seq_get(args, 1),
    286                ]
    287            ),
    288            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    289                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    290                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    291                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    292            ),
    293            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    294                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    295                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    296            ),
    297            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    298            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    299            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    300            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    301            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    302            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    303            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    304            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    305            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    306            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    307            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    308            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    310                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    311            ),
    312            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    313            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    314            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    315                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    316                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    317                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    318            ),
    319            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    320            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    321            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    323                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    324            ),
    325            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    326        }
    327
    328        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    329            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    330            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    331        }
    332
    333        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    335            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    336                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    337            ),
    338        }
    339
    340        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    341            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    342                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    343                return None
    344
    345            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    346            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    347
    348            record_writer = None
    349            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    350                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    351
    352            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    353                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    354
    355            command_script = self._parse_string()
    356
    357            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    358            schema = self._parse_schema()
    359
    360            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    361            record_reader = None
    362            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    363                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    364
    365            return self.expression(
    366                exp.QueryTransform,
    367                expressions=args,
    368                command_script=command_script,
    369                schema=schema,
    370                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    371                record_writer=record_writer,
    372                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    373                record_reader=record_reader,
    374            )
    375
    376        def _parse_types(
    377            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    378        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    379            """
    380            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    381            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    382
    383                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    384                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    385                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    386                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    387                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    388
    389                1234
    390                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    391
    392            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    393            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    394
    395            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    396            """
    397            this = super()._parse_types(
    398                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    399            )
    400
    401            if this and not schema:
    402                return this.transform(
    403                    lambda node: (
    404                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    405                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    406                        else node
    407                    ),
    408                    copy=False,
    409                )
    410
    411            return this
    412
    413        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    414            self,
    415        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    416            return (
    417                (
    418                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    419                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    420                    else []
    421                ),
    422                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    423            )
    424
    425        def _parse_parameter(self) -> exp.Parameter:
    426            self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE)
    427            this = self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    428            expression = self._match(TokenType.COLON) and (
    429                self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    430            )
    431            self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE)
    432            return self.expression(exp.Parameter, this=this, expression=expression)
    433
    434    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    435        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    436        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    437        JOIN_HINTS = False
    438        TABLE_HINTS = False
    439        QUERY_HINTS = False
    440        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    441        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    442        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    443        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    444        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    445        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    446
    447        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    448            exp.Insert,
    449            exp.Select,
    450            exp.Subquery,
    451            exp.Union,
    452        }
    453
    454        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    455            exp.JSONPathKey,
    456            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    457            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    458            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    459        }
    460
    461        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    462            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    463            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    471        }
    472
    473        TRANSFORMS = {
    474            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    475            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    476            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    477                [
    478                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    479                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    480                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    481                ]
    482            ),
    483            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    484            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    485            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    486            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    487            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    488            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    489            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    490            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    491            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    492            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    493            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    494            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    495            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    496            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    497            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    498            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    499            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    500            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    501            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    502            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    503            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    504            exp.If: if_sql(),
    505            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    506            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    507            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    508            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    509                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    510            ),
    511            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    512            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    513            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    514            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    515            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    516            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    517            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    518            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    519                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    520            ),
    521            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    522            exp.Create: preprocess(
    523                [
    524                    remove_unique_constraints,
    525                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    526                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    527                ]
    528            ),
    529            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    530            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    531            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    532            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    533            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    534            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    535            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    536            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    537            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    538            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    539            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    540                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    541            ),
    542            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    543            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    544            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    545            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    546            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    547            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    548            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    549            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    550            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    551            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    552            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    553            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    554            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    555            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    556            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    557            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    558            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    559            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    560                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    561            ),
    562            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    563            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    564            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    565            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    566            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    567            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    568            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    569            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    570            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    571            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    572            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    573            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    574            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    575        }
    576
    577        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    578            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    579            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    580            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    581            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    582            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    583        }
    584
    585        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    586            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    587                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    588                return ""
    589
    590            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    591
    592        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    593            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    594            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    595
    596            parent = expression.parent
    597            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    598
    599            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    600                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    601                return this
    602
    603            return f"${{{this}}}"
    604
    605        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    606            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    607                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    608                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    609
    610            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    611
    612        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    613            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    614                prop.pop()
    615
    616            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    617            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    618            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    619
    620        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    621            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    622            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    623            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    624
    625        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    626            return self.func(
    627                "COLLECT_LIST",
    628                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    629            )
    630
    631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    633
    634        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    635            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    636                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    637            ):
    638                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    639            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    640                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    641            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    642                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    643            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    644                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    645                if size_expression:
    646                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    647                    expression = (
    648                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    649                    )
    650
    651            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    652
    653        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    654            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    655            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    656
    657        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    658            values = []
    659
    660            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    661                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    662                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    663                    values.append(e.expression)
    664                else:
    665                    values.append(e)
    666
    667            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {'YEAR': ('ADD_MONTHS', 12), 'MONTH': ('ADD_MONTHS', 1), 'QUARTER': ('ADD_MONTHS', 3), 'WEEK': ('DATE_ADD', 7), 'DAY': ('DATE_ADD', 1)}
TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {'MILLISECOND': ' * 1000', 'SECOND': '', 'MINUTE': ' / 60', 'HOUR': ' / 3600'}
DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ('YEAR', 'QUARTER', 'MONTH')
class Hive(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    192class Hive(Dialect):
    193    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    194    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    195    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    196    SAFE_DIVISION = True
    197
    198    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    199    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    200
    201    TIME_MAPPING = {
    202        "y": "%Y",
    203        "Y": "%Y",
    204        "YYYY": "%Y",
    205        "yyyy": "%Y",
    206        "YY": "%y",
    207        "yy": "%y",
    208        "MMMM": "%B",
    209        "MMM": "%b",
    210        "MM": "%m",
    211        "M": "%-m",
    212        "dd": "%d",
    213        "d": "%-d",
    214        "HH": "%H",
    215        "H": "%-H",
    216        "hh": "%I",
    217        "h": "%-I",
    218        "mm": "%M",
    219        "m": "%-M",
    220        "ss": "%S",
    221        "s": "%-S",
    222        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    223        "a": "%p",
    224        "DD": "%j",
    225        "D": "%-j",
    226        "E": "%a",
    227        "EE": "%a",
    228        "EEE": "%a",
    229        "EEEE": "%A",
    230    }
    231
    232    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    233    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    234    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    235
    236    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    237        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    242            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    243            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    244        }
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    256            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    258            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    259        }
    260
    261        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    262            "L": "BIGINT",
    263            "S": "SMALLINT",
    264            "Y": "TINYINT",
    265            "D": "DOUBLE",
    266            "F": "FLOAT",
    267            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    268        }
    269
    270    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272        STRICT_CAST = False
    273        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    274
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    277            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    280            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    284                [
    285                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    286                    seq_get(args, 1),
    287                ]
    288            ),
    289            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    291                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    292                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    293            ),
    294            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    295                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    296                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    297            ),
    298            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    299            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    300            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    301            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    302            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    303            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    304            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    305            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    306            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    307            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    308            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    310            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    311                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    312            ),
    313            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    314            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    315            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    318                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    319            ),
    320            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    321            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    323            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    324                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    325            ),
    326            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    327        }
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    331            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    337                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    338            ),
    339        }
    340
    341        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    342            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    343                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    344                return None
    345
    346            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    347            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    348
    349            record_writer = None
    350            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    351                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    352
    353            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    354                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    355
    356            command_script = self._parse_string()
    357
    358            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    359            schema = self._parse_schema()
    360
    361            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    362            record_reader = None
    363            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    364                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    365
    366            return self.expression(
    367                exp.QueryTransform,
    368                expressions=args,
    369                command_script=command_script,
    370                schema=schema,
    371                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    372                record_writer=record_writer,
    373                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    374                record_reader=record_reader,
    375            )
    376
    377        def _parse_types(
    378            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    379        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    380            """
    381            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    382            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    383
    384                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    385                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    386                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    387                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    388                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    389
    390                1234
    391                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    392
    393            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    394            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    395
    396            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    397            """
    398            this = super()._parse_types(
    399                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    400            )
    401
    402            if this and not schema:
    403                return this.transform(
    404                    lambda node: (
    405                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    406                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    407                        else node
    408                    ),
    409                    copy=False,
    410                )
    411
    412            return this
    413
    414        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    415            self,
    416        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    417            return (
    418                (
    419                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    420                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    421                    else []
    422                ),
    423                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    424            )
    425
    426        def _parse_parameter(self) -> exp.Parameter:
    427            self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE)
    428            this = self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    429            expression = self._match(TokenType.COLON) and (
    430                self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    431            )
    432            self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE)
    433            return self.expression(exp.Parameter, this=this, expression=expression)
    434
    435    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    436        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    437        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    438        JOIN_HINTS = False
    439        TABLE_HINTS = False
    440        QUERY_HINTS = False
    441        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    442        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    443        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    444        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    445        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    446        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    447
    448        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    449            exp.Insert,
    450            exp.Select,
    451            exp.Subquery,
    452            exp.Union,
    453        }
    454
    455        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    456            exp.JSONPathKey,
    457            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    458            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    459            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    460        }
    461
    462        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    463            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    464            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    472        }
    473
    474        TRANSFORMS = {
    475            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    476            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    477            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    478                [
    479                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    480                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    481                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    482                ]
    483            ),
    484            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    485            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    486            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    487            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    488            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    489            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    490            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    491            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    492            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    493            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    494            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    495            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    496            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    497            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    498            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    499            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    500            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    501            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    502            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    503            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    504            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    505            exp.If: if_sql(),
    506            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    507            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    508            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    509            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    510                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    511            ),
    512            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    513            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    514            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    515            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    516            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    517            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    518            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    519            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    520                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    521            ),
    522            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    523            exp.Create: preprocess(
    524                [
    525                    remove_unique_constraints,
    526                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    527                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    528                ]
    529            ),
    530            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    531            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    532            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    533            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    534            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    535            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    536            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    537            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    538            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    539            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    540            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    541                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    542            ),
    543            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    544            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    545            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    546            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    547            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    548            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    549            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    550            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    551            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    552            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    553            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    554            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    555            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    556            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    557            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    558            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    559            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    560            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    561                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    562            ),
    563            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    564            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    565            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    566            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    567            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    568            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    569            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    570            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    571            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    572            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    573            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    574            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    575            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    576        }
    577
    578        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    579            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    580            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    581            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    582            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    583            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    584        }
    585
    586        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    587            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    588                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    589                return ""
    590
    591            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    592
    593        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    594            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    595            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    596
    597            parent = expression.parent
    598            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    599
    600            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    601                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    602                return this
    603
    604            return f"${{{this}}}"
    605
    606        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    607            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    608                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    609                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    610
    611            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    612
    613        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    614            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    615                prop.pop()
    616
    617            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    618            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    619            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    620
    621        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    622            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    623            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    624            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    625
    626        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    627            return self.func(
    628                "COLLECT_LIST",
    629                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    630            )
    631
    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    634
    635        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    636            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    637                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    638            ):
    639                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    640            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    641                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    642            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    643                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    644            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    645                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    646                if size_expression:
    647                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    648                    expression = (
    649                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    650                    )
    651
    652            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    653
    654        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    655            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    656            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    657
    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            values = []
    660
    661            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    662                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    663                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    664                    values.append(e.expression)
    665                else:
    666                    values.append(e)
    667
    668            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (`False`) or returns NULL (`True`).

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Hive.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Hive.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Hive.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    236    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    237        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    242            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    243            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    244        }
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    256            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    258            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    259        }
    260
    261        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    262            "L": "BIGINT",
    263            "S": "SMALLINT",
    264            "Y": "TINYINT",
    265            "D": "DOUBLE",
    266            "F": "FLOAT",
    267            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    268        }

QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, 'TIMESTAMP AS OF': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'VERSION AS OF': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 'SERDE_PROPERTIES'>}
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Hive.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    270    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272        STRICT_CAST = False
    273        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    274
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    277            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    280            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    284                [
    285                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    286                    seq_get(args, 1),
    287                ]
    288            ),
    289            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    291                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    292                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    293            ),
    294            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    295                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    296                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    297            ),
    298            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    299            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    300            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    301            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    302            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    303            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    304            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    305            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    306            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    307            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    308            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    310            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    311                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    312            ),
    313            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    314            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    315            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    318                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    319            ),
    320            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    321            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    323            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    324                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    325            ),
    326            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    327        }
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    331            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    337                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    338            ),
    339        }
    340
    341        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    342            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    343                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    344                return None
    345
    346            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    347            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    348
    349            record_writer = None
    350            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    351                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    352
    353            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    354                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    355
    356            command_script = self._parse_string()
    357
    358            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    359            schema = self._parse_schema()
    360
    361            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    362            record_reader = None
    363            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    364                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    365
    366            return self.expression(
    367                exp.QueryTransform,
    368                expressions=args,
    369                command_script=command_script,
    370                schema=schema,
    371                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    372                record_writer=record_writer,
    373                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    374                record_reader=record_reader,
    375            )
    376
    377        def _parse_types(
    378            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    379        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    380            """
    381            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    382            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    383
    384                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    385                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    386                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    387                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    388                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    389
    390                1234
    391                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    392
    393            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    394            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    395
    396            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    397            """
    398            this = super()._parse_types(
    399                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    400            )
    401
    402            if this and not schema:
    403                return this.transform(
    404                    lambda node: (
    405                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    406                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    407                        else node
    408                    ),
    409                    copy=False,
    410                )
    411
    412            return this
    413
    414        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    415            self,
    416        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    417            return (
    418                (
    419                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    420                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    421                    else []
    422                ),
    423                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    424            )
    425
    426        def _parse_parameter(self) -> exp.Parameter:
    427            self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE)
    428            this = self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    429            expression = self._match(TokenType.COLON) and (
    430                self._parse_identifier() or self._parse_primary_or_var()
    431            )
    432            self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE)
    433            return self.expression(exp.Parameter, this=this, expression=expression)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
STRICT_CAST = False
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'COLLECT_LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'COLLECT_SET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'GET_JSON_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'LOCATE': <function locate_to_strposition>, 'PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'PERCENTILE_APPROX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'TO_DATE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'UNBASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  FUNCTION_PARSERS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTER
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Hive.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    435    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    436        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    437        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    438        JOIN_HINTS = False
    439        TABLE_HINTS = False
    440        QUERY_HINTS = False
    441        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    442        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    443        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    444        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    445        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    446        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    447
    448        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    449            exp.Insert,
    450            exp.Select,
    451            exp.Subquery,
    452            exp.Union,
    453        }
    454
    455        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    456            exp.JSONPathKey,
    457            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    458            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    459            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    460        }
    461
    462        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    463            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    464            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    472        }
    473
    474        TRANSFORMS = {
    475            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    476            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    477            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    478                [
    479                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    480                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    481                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    482                ]
    483            ),
    484            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    485            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    486            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    487            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    488            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    489            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    490            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    491            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    492            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    493            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    494            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    495            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    496            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    497            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    498            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    499            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    500            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    501            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    502            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    503            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    504            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    505            exp.If: if_sql(),
    506            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    507            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    508            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    509            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    510                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    511            ),
    512            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    513            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    514            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    515            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    516            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    517            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    518            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    519            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    520                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    521            ),
    522            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    523            exp.Create: preprocess(
    524                [
    525                    remove_unique_constraints,
    526                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    527                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    528                ]
    529            ),
    530            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    531            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    532            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    533            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    534            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    535            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    536            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    537            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    538            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    539            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    540            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    541                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    542            ),
    543            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    544            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    545            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    546            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    547            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    548            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    549            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    550            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    551            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    552            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    553            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    554            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    555            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    556            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    557            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    558            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    559            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    560            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    561                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    562            ),
    563            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    564            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    565            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    566            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    567            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    568            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    569            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    570            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    571            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    572            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    573            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    574            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    575            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    576        }
    577
    578        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    579            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    580            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    581            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    582            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    583            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    584        }
    585
    586        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    587            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    588                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    589                return ""
    590
    591            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    592
    593        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    594            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    595            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    596
    597            parent = expression.parent
    598            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    599
    600            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    601                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    602                return this
    603
    604            return f"${{{this}}}"
    605
    606        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    607            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    608                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    609                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    610
    611            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    612
    613        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    614            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    615                prop.pop()
    616
    617            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    618            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    619            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    620
    621        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    622            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    623            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    624            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    625
    626        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    627            return self.func(
    628                "COLLECT_LIST",
    629                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    630            )
    631
    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    634
    635        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    636            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    637                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    638            ):
    639                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    640            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    641                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    642            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    643                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    644            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    645                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    646                if size_expression:
    647                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    648                    expression = (
    649                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    650                    )
    651
    652            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    653
    654        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    655            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    656            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    657
    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            values = []
    660
    661            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    662                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    663                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    664                    values.append(e.expression)
    665                else:
    666                    values.append(e)
    667
    668            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
INDEX_ON = 'ON TABLE'
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>: 'SMALLINT', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BINARY'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <function _property_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function approx_count_distinct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>: <function _array_sort_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function no_recursive_cte_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function _json_format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotNullColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function strposition_to_locate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>: <function _str_to_unix_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.National'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def parameter_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Parameter) -> str: View Source

    593        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    594            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    595            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    596
    597            parent = expression.parent
    598            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    599
    600            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    601                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    602                return this
    603
    604            return f"${{{this}}}"

def schema_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Schema) -> str: View Source

    606        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    607            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    608                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    609                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    610
    611            return super().schema_sql(expression)

def constraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Constraint) -> str: View Source

    613        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    614            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    615                prop.pop()
    616
    617            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    618            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    619            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"

def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str: View Source

    621        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    622            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    623            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    624            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"

def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg) -> str: View Source

    626        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    627            return self.func(
    628                "COLLECT_LIST",
    629                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    630            )

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    635        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    636            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    637                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    638            ):
    639                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    640            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    641                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    642            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    643                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    644            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    645                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    646                if size_expression:
    647                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    648                    expression = (
    649                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    650                    )
    651
    652            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    654        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    655            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    656            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            values = []
    660
    661            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    662                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    663                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    664                    values.append(e.expression)
    665                else:
    666                    values.append(e)
    667
    668            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  HEX_FUNC
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
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