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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    date_delta_sql,
      12    date_trunc_to_time,
      13    datestrtodate_sql,
      14    build_formatted_time,
      15    if_sql,
      16    inline_array_sql,
      17    max_or_greatest,
      18    min_or_least,
      19    rename_func,
      20    timestamptrunc_sql,
      21    timestrtotime_sql,
      22    var_map_sql,
      23)
      24from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      26
      27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      28    from sqlglot._typing import E
      29
      30
      31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      32def _build_datetime(
      33    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      34) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      35    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      36        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      37        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      38
      39        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      40            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      41            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      42                return exp.cast(value, kind)
      43
      44            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      45            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      46            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      47                if int_value:
      48                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      49                if not is_float(value.this):
      50                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      51
      52        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      53            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      54            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      55            return formatted_exp
      56
      57        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      58
      59    return _builder
      60
      61
      62def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      63    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      64
      65    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      66        return expression
      67
      68    return exp.Struct(
      69        expressions=[
      70            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      71        ]
      72    )
      73
      74
      75def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      76    return exp.DateDiff(
      77        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      78    )
      79
      80
      81def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      82    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      83        return expr_type(
      84            this=seq_get(args, 2),
      85            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
      86            unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
      87        )
      88
      89    return _builder
      90
      91
      92# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
      93def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
      94    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
      95    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
      96    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
      97    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
      98
      99
     100# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     101def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     102    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     103    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     104
     105
     106# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     107def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     108    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     109    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     110
     111
     112def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     113    flag = expression.text("flag")
     114
     115    if "i" not in flag:
     116        flag += "i"
     117
     118    return self.func(
     119        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     120    )
     121
     122
     123def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
     124    if len(args) == 3:
     125        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
     126    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
     127
     128
     129def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     130    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     131
     132    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     133        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     134
     135    return regexp_replace
     136
     137
     138def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     139    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     140        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     141
     142    return _parse
     143
     144
     145DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
     146    "Y": "YEAR",
     147    "YY": "YEAR",
     148    "YYY": "YEAR",
     149    "YYYY": "YEAR",
     150    "YR": "YEAR",
     151    "YEARS": "YEAR",
     152    "YRS": "YEAR",
     153    "MM": "MONTH",
     154    "MON": "MONTH",
     155    "MONS": "MONTH",
     156    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
     157    "D": "DAY",
     158    "DD": "DAY",
     159    "DAYS": "DAY",
     160    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
     161    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
     162    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
     163    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
     164    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     165    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     166    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
     167    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     168    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     169    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
     170    "W": "WEEK",
     171    "WK": "WEEK",
     172    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
     173    "WOY": "WEEK",
     174    "WY": "WEEK",
     175    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
     176    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
     177    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
     178    "Q": "QUARTER",
     179    "QTR": "QUARTER",
     180    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
     181    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
     182    "H": "HOUR",
     183    "HH": "HOUR",
     184    "HR": "HOUR",
     185    "HOURS": "HOUR",
     186    "HRS": "HOUR",
     187    "M": "MINUTE",
     188    "MI": "MINUTE",
     189    "MIN": "MINUTE",
     190    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
     191    "MINS": "MINUTE",
     192    "S": "SECOND",
     193    "SEC": "SECOND",
     194    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
     195    "SECS": "SECOND",
     196    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
     197    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
     198    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
     199    "US": "MICROSECOND",
     200    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
     201    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
     202    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
     203    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
     204    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
     205    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
     206    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
     207    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
     208    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
     209    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
     210    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
     211    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
     212    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
     213    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
     214    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
     215}
     216
     217
     218@t.overload
     219def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
     220    pass
     221
     222
     223@t.overload
     224def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     225    pass
     226
     227
     228def _map_date_part(part):
     229    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
     230    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
     231
     232
     233def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     234    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     235    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     236    return trunc
     237
     238
     239def _build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     240    if len(args) == 2:
     241        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
     242        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
     243        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
     244
     245    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     246
     247
     248def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     249    """
     250    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     251    so we need to unqualify them.
     252
     253    Example:
     254        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     255        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     256        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     257        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     258    """
     259    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     260        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     261
     262    return expression
     263
     264
     265def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     266    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     267
     268    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     269        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     270            expression.set("expressions", None)
     271        return expression
     272
     273    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     274    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     275        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     276            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     277                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     278                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     279                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     280
     281    return expression
     282
     283
     284class Snowflake(Dialect):
     285    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     286    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     287    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     288    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     289    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     290    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     291    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     292    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     293    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     294
     295    TIME_MAPPING = {
     296        "YYYY": "%Y",
     297        "yyyy": "%Y",
     298        "YY": "%y",
     299        "yy": "%y",
     300        "MMMM": "%B",
     301        "mmmm": "%B",
     302        "MON": "%b",
     303        "mon": "%b",
     304        "MM": "%m",
     305        "mm": "%m",
     306        "DD": "%d",
     307        "dd": "%-d",
     308        "DY": "%a",
     309        "dy": "%w",
     310        "HH24": "%H",
     311        "hh24": "%H",
     312        "HH12": "%I",
     313        "hh12": "%I",
     314        "MI": "%M",
     315        "mi": "%M",
     316        "SS": "%S",
     317        "ss": "%S",
     318        "FF": "%f",
     319        "ff": "%f",
     320        "FF6": "%f",
     321        "ff6": "%f",
     322    }
     323
     324    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     325        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     326        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     327        if (
     328            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     329            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     330            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     331        ):
     332            return expression  # type: ignore
     333
     334        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     335
     336    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     337        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     338        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     339
     340        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     341            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     342            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     343        }
     344
     345        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     347
     348        FUNCTIONS = {
     349            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     350            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     351            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     352            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     353            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     354                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     355            ),
     356            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     357                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     358                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     359                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     360                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     361            ),
     362            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     363            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     364            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     365            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     366            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     367            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     368            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     369            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     370            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     371            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     372            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     373                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     374            ),
     375            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     376            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     377                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     378            ),
     379            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     380            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     381                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     382            ),
     383            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     384            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     385            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     386            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     387            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     388            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     389            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     390            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     391            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     392            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     393            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     394            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     395            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     396            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     397            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     398                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     399                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     400                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     401                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     402            ),
     403            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     404            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     405            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     408            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     409            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     410        }
     411
     412        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     413            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     414            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     415            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     416        }
     417        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     418
     419        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     420
     421        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     422            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     423            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     424            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     425        }
     426
     427        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     428            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     429            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
     430            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     431                exp.Set,
     432                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     433                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     434                unset=True,
     435            ),
     436            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     437        }
     438
     439        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     440            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     441            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     442        }
     443
     444        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     445            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     446            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     447        }
     448
     449        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
     450            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     451            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     452        }
     453
     454        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     455            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     456            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     457            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     458            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     459            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     460            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     461            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     462            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     463            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     464            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     465            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     466            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     467            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     468            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     469            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     470            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     471            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     472            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     473            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     474        }
     475
     476        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     477            TokenType.DOT,
     478            TokenType.MOD,
     479            TokenType.SLASH,
     480        }
     481
     482        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     483
     484        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     485
     486        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     487            expression = super()._parse_create()
     488            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
     489                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     490                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     491
     492            return expression
     493
     494        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     495            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
     496
     497            casts = []
     498            json_path = []
     499
     500            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
     501                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
     502
     503                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
     504                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
     505                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
     506                    casts.append(path.to)
     507                    path = path.this
     508
     509                if path:
     510                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
     511
     512            if json_path:
     513                this = self.expression(
     514                    exp.JSONExtract,
     515                    this=this,
     516                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
     517                )
     518
     519                while casts:
     520                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
     521
     522            return this
     523
     524        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     526        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     527            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     528
     529            if not this:
     530                return None
     531
     532            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     533            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     534            this = _map_date_part(this)
     535            name = this.name.upper()
     536
     537            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     538                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     539                    scale = 10**3
     540                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     541                    scale = 10**6
     542                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     543                    scale = 10**9
     544                else:
     545                    scale = None
     546
     547                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     548                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     549
     550                if scale:
     551                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     552
     553                return to_unix
     554
     555            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     556
     557        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     558            if is_map:
     559                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     560                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     562                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     563
     564            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
     565
     566        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     567            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     568            if not lateral:
     569                return lateral
     570
     571            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     572                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     573                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     574                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     575                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     576                elif not table_alias:
     577                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     578
     579            return lateral
     580
     581        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
     582            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     583            index = self._index
     584            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
     585                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     586                kind = (
     587                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     588                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     589                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     590                )
     591                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     592
     593                if expression:
     594                    self._match_r_paren()
     595                    when = self.expression(
     596                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     597                    )
     598                    table.set("when", when)
     599                else:
     600                    self._retreat(index)
     601
     602            return table
     603
     604        def _parse_table_parts(
     605            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     606        ) -> exp.Table:
     607            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     608            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     609                table = self._parse_string()
     610            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     611                table = self._parse_location_path()
     612            else:
     613                table = None
     614
     615            if table:
     616                file_format = None
     617                pattern = None
     618
     619                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     620                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     621                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     622                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     623                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     624                        )
     625                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     626                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     627                    else:
     628                        break
     629
     630                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     631
     632                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     633            else:
     634                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     635
     636            return self._parse_at_before(table)
     637
     638        def _parse_id_var(
     639            self,
     640            any_token: bool = True,
     641            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     642        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     643            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     644                identifier = (
     645                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     646                    or self._parse_string()
     647                )
     648                self._match_r_paren()
     649                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     650
     651            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     652
     653        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     654            scope = None
     655            scope_kind = None
     656
     657            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     658            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     659            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     660
     661            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     662
     663            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     664
     665            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     666                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     667                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     668                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     669                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     670                    if self._curr:
     671                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     672                elif self._curr:
     673                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     674                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     675
     676            return self.expression(
     677                exp.Show,
     678                **{
     679                    "terse": terse,
     680                    "this": this,
     681                    "history": history,
     682                    "like": like,
     683                    "scope": scope,
     684                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     685                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     686                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     687                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     688                },
     689            )
     690
     691        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     692            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     693            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     694
     695        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     696            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     697            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     698
     699        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     700            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     701            return (
     702                self._parse_select(table=True)
     703                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     704                else self._parse_table_parts()
     705            )
     706
     707        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     708            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     709
     710            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     711            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     712            # in case of subqueries
     713            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     714                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     715            ):
     716                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     717
     718            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     719
     720    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     721        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     722        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     723        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     724        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     725
     726        KEYWORDS = {
     727            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     728            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     729            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     730            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     731            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     732            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     733            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     734            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     735            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     736            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     737            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     738            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     739            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     740            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     741            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     742            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     743            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     744            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     745            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     746            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     747            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     748        }
     749
     750        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     751            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     752            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     753        }
     754
     755        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     756
     757        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     758
     759    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     760        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     761        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     762        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     763        JOIN_HINTS = False
     764        TABLE_HINTS = False
     765        QUERY_HINTS = False
     766        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     767        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     768        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     769        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     770        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     771        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     772        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     773        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     774        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     775        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     776
     777        TRANSFORMS = {
     778            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     779            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     780            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     781            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     782            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     783            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     784            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     785            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     786                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     787            ),
     788            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     789            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     790            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     791            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     792            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     793            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     794            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     795            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     796            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     797            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     798            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     799                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     800            ),
     801            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     802                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     803            ),
     804            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     805            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     806            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     807            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     808                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     809            ),
     810            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     811            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     812            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     813            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     814            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     815            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     816            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     820            ),
     821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     823            ),
     824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     828                [
     829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     832                ]
     833            ),
     834            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     835            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     836            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     837            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     838                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     839            ),
     840            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     841            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     842            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     843            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     844                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     845            ),
     846            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     847            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     848            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     849                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     850            ),
     851            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     852            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     853            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     854            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     855            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     856            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     857            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     858                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     859            ),
     860            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     861            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     862            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     863            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     864        }
     865
     866        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     867            exp.JSONPathKey,
     868            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     869            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     870        }
     871
     872        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     873            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     874            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     875            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     876        }
     877
     878        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     879            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     880            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     881            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     882        }
     883
     884        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     885            exp.Map,
     886            exp.StarMap,
     887            exp.Struct,
     888            exp.VarMap,
     889        }
     890
     891        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     892            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     893                values_as_table = False
     894
     895            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     896
     897        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     898            expressions = expression.expressions
     899            if (
     900                expressions
     901                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     902                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     903            ):
     904                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     905                return "OBJECT"
     906
     907            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     908
     909        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     910            return self.func(
     911                "TO_NUMBER",
     912                expression.this,
     913                expression.args.get("format"),
     914                expression.args.get("precision"),
     915                expression.args.get("scale"),
     916            )
     917
     918        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     919            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     920            if milli is not None:
     921                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     922                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     923
     924            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     925
     926        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     927            value = expression.this
     928
     929            if value.type is None:
     930                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     931
     932                value = annotate_types(value)
     933
     934            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     935                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     936
     937            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     938            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     939
     940        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     941            if not expression.expression:
     942                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     943
     944            return super().log_sql(expression)
     945
     946        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     947            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     948            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     949
     950            columns = [
     951                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     952                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     953                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     954                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     955                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     956                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     957                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     958            ]
     959
     960            if unnest_alias:
     961                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     962            else:
     963                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     964
     965            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     966            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     967            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     968            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     969
     970        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     971            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     972            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     973            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     974            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     975
     976            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     977            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     978
     979            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     980            if scope_kind:
     981                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     982
     983            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     984            if starts_with:
     985                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     986
     987            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     988
     989            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     990            if from_:
     991                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     992
     993            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     994
     995        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     996            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     997            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     998            group = expression.args.get("group")
     999            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1000            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1001            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1002
    1003            return self.func(
    1004                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1005                expression.this,
    1006                expression.expression,
    1007                position,
    1008                occurrence,
    1009                parameters,
    1010                group,
    1011            )
    1012
    1013        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1014            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1015                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1016            return super().except_op(expression)
    1017
    1018        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1019            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1020                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1021            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1022
    1023        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1024            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1025            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1026            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1027            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1028            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1029            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1030            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1031
    1032        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1033            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1034        ) -> str:
    1035            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1036            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1037            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1038            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1039            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1040
    1041        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1042            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1043            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1044
    1045        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1046            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    1047
    1048        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1049            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1050
    1051        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1052            keys = []
    1053            values = []
    1054
    1055            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1056                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1057                    keys.append(
    1058                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1059                    )
    1060                    values.append(e.expression)
    1061                else:
    1062                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1063                    values.append(e)
    1064
    1065            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1066
    1067        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1068            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1069                self.unsupported(
    1070                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1071                )
    1072
    1073            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     285class Snowflake(Dialect):
     286    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     287    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     288    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     289    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     290    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     291    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     292    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     293    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     294    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     295
     296    TIME_MAPPING = {
     297        "YYYY": "%Y",
     298        "yyyy": "%Y",
     299        "YY": "%y",
     300        "yy": "%y",
     301        "MMMM": "%B",
     302        "mmmm": "%B",
     303        "MON": "%b",
     304        "mon": "%b",
     305        "MM": "%m",
     306        "mm": "%m",
     307        "DD": "%d",
     308        "dd": "%-d",
     309        "DY": "%a",
     310        "dy": "%w",
     311        "HH24": "%H",
     312        "hh24": "%H",
     313        "HH12": "%I",
     314        "hh12": "%I",
     315        "MI": "%M",
     316        "mi": "%M",
     317        "SS": "%S",
     318        "ss": "%S",
     319        "FF": "%f",
     320        "ff": "%f",
     321        "FF6": "%f",
     322        "ff6": "%f",
     323    }
     324
     325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     328        if (
     329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     332        ):
     333            return expression  # type: ignore
     334
     335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     336
     337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     340
     341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     344        }
     345
     346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     348
     349        FUNCTIONS = {
     350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     356            ),
     357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     362            ),
     363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     375            ),
     376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     379            ),
     380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     383            ),
     384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
     396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     403            ),
     404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     411        }
     412
     413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     417        }
     418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     419
     420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     421
     422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     426        }
     427
     428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     430            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
     431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     432                exp.Set,
     433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     435                unset=True,
     436            ),
     437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     438        }
     439
     440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     443        }
     444
     445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     448        }
     449
     450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
     451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     453        }
     454
     455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     475        }
     476
     477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     478            TokenType.DOT,
     479            TokenType.MOD,
     480            TokenType.SLASH,
     481        }
     482
     483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     484
     485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     486
     487        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     488            expression = super()._parse_create()
     489            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
     490                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     491                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     492
     493            return expression
     494
     495        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     496            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
     497
     498            casts = []
     499            json_path = []
     500
     501            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
     502                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
     503
     504                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
     505                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
     506                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
     507                    casts.append(path.to)
     508                    path = path.this
     509
     510                if path:
     511                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
     512
     513            if json_path:
     514                this = self.expression(
     515                    exp.JSONExtract,
     516                    this=this,
     517                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
     518                )
     519
     520                while casts:
     521                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
     522
     523            return this
     524
     525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     526        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     527        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     528            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     529
     530            if not this:
     531                return None
     532
     533            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     534            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     535            this = _map_date_part(this)
     536            name = this.name.upper()
     537
     538            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     539                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     540                    scale = 10**3
     541                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     542                    scale = 10**6
     543                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     544                    scale = 10**9
     545                else:
     546                    scale = None
     547
     548                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     549                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     550
     551                if scale:
     552                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     553
     554                return to_unix
     555
     556            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     557
     558        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     559            if is_map:
     560                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     562                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     563                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     564
     565            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
     566
     567        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     568            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     569            if not lateral:
     570                return lateral
     571
     572            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     573                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     574                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     575                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     576                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     577                elif not table_alias:
     578                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     579
     580            return lateral
     581
     582        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
     583            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     584            index = self._index
     585            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
     586                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     587                kind = (
     588                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     589                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     590                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     591                )
     592                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     593
     594                if expression:
     595                    self._match_r_paren()
     596                    when = self.expression(
     597                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     598                    )
     599                    table.set("when", when)
     600                else:
     601                    self._retreat(index)
     602
     603            return table
     604
     605        def _parse_table_parts(
     606            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     607        ) -> exp.Table:
     608            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     609            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     610                table = self._parse_string()
     611            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     612                table = self._parse_location_path()
     613            else:
     614                table = None
     615
     616            if table:
     617                file_format = None
     618                pattern = None
     619
     620                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     621                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     622                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     623                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     624                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     625                        )
     626                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     627                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     628                    else:
     629                        break
     630
     631                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     632
     633                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     634            else:
     635                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     636
     637            return self._parse_at_before(table)
     638
     639        def _parse_id_var(
     640            self,
     641            any_token: bool = True,
     642            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     643        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     644            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     645                identifier = (
     646                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     647                    or self._parse_string()
     648                )
     649                self._match_r_paren()
     650                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     651
     652            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     653
     654        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     655            scope = None
     656            scope_kind = None
     657
     658            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     659            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     660            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     661
     662            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     663
     664            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     665
     666            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     667                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     668                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     669                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     670                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     671                    if self._curr:
     672                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     673                elif self._curr:
     674                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     675                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     676
     677            return self.expression(
     678                exp.Show,
     679                **{
     680                    "terse": terse,
     681                    "this": this,
     682                    "history": history,
     683                    "like": like,
     684                    "scope": scope,
     685                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     686                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     687                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     688                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     689                },
     690            )
     691
     692        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     693            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     694            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     695
     696        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     697            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     698            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     699
     700        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     701            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     702            return (
     703                self._parse_select(table=True)
     704                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     705                else self._parse_table_parts()
     706            )
     707
     708        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     709            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     710
     711            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     712            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     713            # in case of subqueries
     714            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     715                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     716            ):
     717                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     718
     719            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     720
     721    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     722        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     723        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     724        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     725        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     726
     727        KEYWORDS = {
     728            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     729            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     730            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     731            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     732            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     733            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     734            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     735            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     736            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     737            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     738            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     739            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     740            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     741            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     742            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     743            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     744            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     745            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     746            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     747            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     748            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     749        }
     750
     751        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     752            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     753            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     754        }
     755
     756        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     757
     758        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     759
     760    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     761        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     762        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     763        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     764        JOIN_HINTS = False
     765        TABLE_HINTS = False
     766        QUERY_HINTS = False
     767        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     768        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     769        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     770        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     771        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     772        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     773        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     774        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     775        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     776        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     777
     778        TRANSFORMS = {
     779            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     780            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     781            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     782            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     783            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     784            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     785            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     786            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     788            ),
     789            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     790            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     791            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     792            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     793            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     794            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     795            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     796            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     797            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     798            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     799            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     800                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     801            ),
     802            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     803                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     804            ),
     805            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     806            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     807            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     808            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     809                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     810            ),
     811            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     812            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     813            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     814            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     815            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     816            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     817            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     818            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     819            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     820                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     821            ),
     822            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     823                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     824            ),
     825            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     826            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     827            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     828            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     829                [
     830                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     831                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     832                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     833                ]
     834            ),
     835            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     836            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     837            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     838            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     839                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     840            ),
     841            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     846            ),
     847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     851            ),
     852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     855            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     860            ),
     861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     862            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     863            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     864            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     865        }
     866
     867        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     868            exp.JSONPathKey,
     869            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     870            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     871        }
     872
     873        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     874            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     875            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     876            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     877        }
     878
     879        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     880            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     881            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     882            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     883        }
     884
     885        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     886            exp.Map,
     887            exp.StarMap,
     888            exp.Struct,
     889            exp.VarMap,
     890        }
     891
     892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     894                values_as_table = False
     895
     896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     897
     898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     899            expressions = expression.expressions
     900            if (
     901                expressions
     902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     904            ):
     905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     906                return "OBJECT"
     907
     908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     909
     910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     911            return self.func(
     912                "TO_NUMBER",
     913                expression.this,
     914                expression.args.get("format"),
     915                expression.args.get("precision"),
     916                expression.args.get("scale"),
     917            )
     918
     919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     921            if milli is not None:
     922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     924
     925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     926
     927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     928            value = expression.this
     929
     930            if value.type is None:
     931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     932
     933                value = annotate_types(value)
     934
     935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     937
     938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     939            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     940
     941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     942            if not expression.expression:
     943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     944
     945            return super().log_sql(expression)
     946
     947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     950
     951            columns = [
     952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     959            ]
     960
     961            if unnest_alias:
     962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     963            else:
     964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     965
     966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     969            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     970
     971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     976
     977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     979
     980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     981            if scope_kind:
     982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     983
     984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     985            if starts_with:
     986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     987
     988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     989
     990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     991            if from_:
     992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     993
     994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     995
     996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     999            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1003
    1004            return self.func(
    1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1006                expression.this,
    1007                expression.expression,
    1008                position,
    1009                occurrence,
    1010                parameters,
    1011                group,
    1012            )
    1013
    1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1017            return super().except_op(expression)
    1018
    1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1023
    1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1032
    1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1035        ) -> str:
    1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1041
    1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1045
    1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    1048
    1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1051
    1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1053            keys = []
    1054            values = []
    1055
    1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1058                    keys.append(
    1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1060                    )
    1061                    values.append(e.expression)
    1062                else:
    1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1064                    values.append(e)
    1065
    1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1067
    1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1070                self.unsupported(
    1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1072                )
    1073
    1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    328        if (
    329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    332        ):
    333            return expression  # type: ignore
    334
    335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    340
    341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    344        }
    345
    346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    348
    349        FUNCTIONS = {
    350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    356            ),
    357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    362            ),
    363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    375            ),
    376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    379            ),
    380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
    382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
    383            ),
    384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    403            ),
    404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    411        }
    412
    413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    417        }
    418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    419
    420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    421
    422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    426        }
    427
    428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    430            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    432                exp.Set,
    433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    435                unset=True,
    436            ),
    437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    438        }
    439
    440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    443        }
    444
    445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    448        }
    449
    450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
    451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    453        }
    454
    455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    475        }
    476
    477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    478            TokenType.DOT,
    479            TokenType.MOD,
    480            TokenType.SLASH,
    481        }
    482
    483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    484
    485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    486
    487        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    488            expression = super()._parse_create()
    489            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
    490                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    491                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    492
    493            return expression
    494
    495        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    496            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
    497
    498            casts = []
    499            json_path = []
    500
    501            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    502                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
    503
    504                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    505                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    506                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    507                    casts.append(path.to)
    508                    path = path.this
    509
    510                if path:
    511                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
    512
    513            if json_path:
    514                this = self.expression(
    515                    exp.JSONExtract,
    516                    this=this,
    517                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
    518                )
    519
    520                while casts:
    521                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
    522
    523            return this
    524
    525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    526        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    527        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    528            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    529
    530            if not this:
    531                return None
    532
    533            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    534            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    535            this = _map_date_part(this)
    536            name = this.name.upper()
    537
    538            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    539                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    540                    scale = 10**3
    541                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    542                    scale = 10**6
    543                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    544                    scale = 10**9
    545                else:
    546                    scale = None
    547
    548                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    549                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    550
    551                if scale:
    552                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    553
    554                return to_unix
    555
    556            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    557
    558        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    559            if is_map:
    560                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    562                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    563                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    564
    565            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    566
    567        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    568            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    569            if not lateral:
    570                return lateral
    571
    572            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    573                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    574                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    575                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    576                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    577                elif not table_alias:
    578                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    579
    580            return lateral
    581
    582        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    583            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    584            index = self._index
    585            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    586                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    587                kind = (
    588                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    589                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    590                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    591                )
    592                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    593
    594                if expression:
    595                    self._match_r_paren()
    596                    when = self.expression(
    597                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    598                    )
    599                    table.set("when", when)
    600                else:
    601                    self._retreat(index)
    602
    603            return table
    604
    605        def _parse_table_parts(
    606            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    607        ) -> exp.Table:
    608            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    609            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    610                table = self._parse_string()
    611            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    612                table = self._parse_location_path()
    613            else:
    614                table = None
    615
    616            if table:
    617                file_format = None
    618                pattern = None
    619
    620                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    621                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    622                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    623                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    624                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    625                        )
    626                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    627                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    628                    else:
    629                        break
    630
    631                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    632
    633                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    634            else:
    635                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    636
    637            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    638
    639        def _parse_id_var(
    640            self,
    641            any_token: bool = True,
    642            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    643        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    644            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    645                identifier = (
    646                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    647                    or self._parse_string()
    648                )
    649                self._match_r_paren()
    650                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    651
    652            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    653
    654        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    655            scope = None
    656            scope_kind = None
    657
    658            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    659            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    660            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    661
    662            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    663
    664            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    665
    666            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    667                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    668                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    669                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    670                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    671                    if self._curr:
    672                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    673                elif self._curr:
    674                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    675                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    676
    677            return self.expression(
    678                exp.Show,
    679                **{
    680                    "terse": terse,
    681                    "this": this,
    682                    "history": history,
    683                    "like": like,
    684                    "scope": scope,
    685                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    686                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    687                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    688                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    689                },
    690            )
    691
    692        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    693            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    694            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    695
    696        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    697            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    698            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    699
    700        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    701            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    702            return (
    703                self._parse_select(table=True)
    704                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    705                else self._parse_table_parts()
    706            )
    707
    708        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    709            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    710
    711            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    712            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    713            # in case of subqueries
    714            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    715                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    716            ):
    717                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    718
    719            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTER = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'VIEWS', 'TABLES', 'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'IMPORTED KEYS'}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    721    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    722        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    723        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    724        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    725        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    726
    727        KEYWORDS = {
    728            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    729            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    730            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    731            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    732            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    733            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    734            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    735            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    736            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    737            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    738            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    739            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    740            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    741            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    742            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    743            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    744            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    745            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    746            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    747            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    748            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    749        }
    750
    751        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    752            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    753            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    754        }
    755
    756        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    757
    758        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     760    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     761        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     762        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     763        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     764        JOIN_HINTS = False
     765        TABLE_HINTS = False
     766        QUERY_HINTS = False
     767        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     768        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     769        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     770        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     771        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     772        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     773        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     774        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     775        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     776        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     777
     778        TRANSFORMS = {
     779            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     780            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     781            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     782            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     783            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     784            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     785            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     786            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     788            ),
     789            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     790            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     791            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     792            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     793            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     794            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     795            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     796            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     797            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     798            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     799            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     800                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     801            ),
     802            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     803                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     804            ),
     805            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     806            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     807            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     808            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     809                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     810            ),
     811            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     812            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     813            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     814            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     815            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     816            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     817            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     818            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     819            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     820                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     821            ),
     822            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     823                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     824            ),
     825            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     826            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     827            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     828            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     829                [
     830                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     831                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     832                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     833                ]
     834            ),
     835            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     836            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     837            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     838            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     839                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     840            ),
     841            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     846            ),
     847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     851            ),
     852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     855            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     860            ),
     861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     862            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     863            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     864            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     865        }
     866
     867        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     868            exp.JSONPathKey,
     869            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     870            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     871        }
     872
     873        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     874            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     875            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     876            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     877        }
     878
     879        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     880            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     881            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     882            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     883        }
     884
     885        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     886            exp.Map,
     887            exp.StarMap,
     888            exp.Struct,
     889            exp.VarMap,
     890        }
     891
     892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     894                values_as_table = False
     895
     896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     897
     898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     899            expressions = expression.expressions
     900            if (
     901                expressions
     902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     904            ):
     905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     906                return "OBJECT"
     907
     908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     909
     910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     911            return self.func(
     912                "TO_NUMBER",
     913                expression.this,
     914                expression.args.get("format"),
     915                expression.args.get("precision"),
     916                expression.args.get("scale"),
     917            )
     918
     919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     921            if milli is not None:
     922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     924
     925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     926
     927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     928            value = expression.this
     929
     930            if value.type is None:
     931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     932
     933                value = annotate_types(value)
     934
     935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     937
     938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     939            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     940
     941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     942            if not expression.expression:
     943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     944
     945            return super().log_sql(expression)
     946
     947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     950
     951            columns = [
     952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     959            ]
     960
     961            if unnest_alias:
     962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     963            else:
     964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     965
     966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     969            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     970
     971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     976
     977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     979
     980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     981            if scope_kind:
     982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     983
     984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     985            if starts_with:
     986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     987
     988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     989
     990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     991            if from_:
     992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     993
     994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     995
     996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     999            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1003
    1004            return self.func(
    1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1006                expression.this,
    1007                expression.expression,
    1008                position,
    1009                occurrence,
    1010                parameters,
    1011                group,
    1012            )
    1013
    1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1017            return super().except_op(expression)
    1018
    1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1023
    1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1032
    1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1035        ) -> str:
    1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1041
    1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1045
    1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    1048
    1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1051
    1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1053            keys = []
    1054            values = []
    1055
    1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1058                    keys.append(
    1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1060                    )
    1061                    values.append(e.expression)
    1062                else:
    1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1064                    values.append(e)
    1065
    1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1067
    1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1070                self.unsupported(
    1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1072                )
    1073
    1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>}
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    894                values_as_table = False
    895
    896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    899            expressions = expression.expressions
    900            if (
    901                expressions
    902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    904            ):
    905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    906                return "OBJECT"
    907
    908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    911            return self.func(
    912                "TO_NUMBER",
    913                expression.this,
    914                expression.args.get("format"),
    915                expression.args.get("precision"),
    916                expression.args.get("scale"),
    917            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    921            if milli is not None:
    922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    924
    925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    928            value = expression.this
    929
    930            if value.type is None:
    931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    932
    933                value = annotate_types(value)
    934
    935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    937
    938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    939            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    942            if not expression.expression:
    943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    944
    945            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    950
    951            columns = [
    952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    959            ]
    960
    961            if unnest_alias:
    962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    963            else:
    964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    965
    966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    969            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    976
    977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    979
    980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    981            if scope_kind:
    982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    983
    984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    985            if starts_with:
    986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    987
    988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    989
    990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    991            if from_:
    992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    993
    994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

     996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     999            group = expression.args.get("group")
    1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    1003
    1004            return self.func(
    1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    1006                expression.this,
    1007                expression.expression,
    1008                position,
    1009                occurrence,
    1010                parameters,
    1011                group,
    1012            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1017            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1035        ) -> str:
    1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1053            keys = []
    1054            values = []
    1055
    1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1058                    keys.append(
    1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1060                    )
    1061                    values.append(e.expression)
    1062                else:
    1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1064                    values.append(e)
    1065
    1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1070                self.unsupported(
    1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1072                )
    1073
    1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql