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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    binary_from_function,
      9    date_trunc_to_time,
     10    datestrtodate_sql,
     11    format_time_lambda,
     12    if_sql,
     13    inline_array_sql,
     14    max_or_greatest,
     15    min_or_least,
     16    rename_func,
     17    timestamptrunc_sql,
     18    timestrtotime_sql,
     19    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     20    var_map_sql,
     21)
     22from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     23from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     24from sqlglot.parser import binary_range_parser
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27
     28def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
     29    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     30        return s[1:].isdigit()
     31    return s.isdigit()
     32
     33
     34# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     35def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime]:
     36    if len(args) == 2:
     37        first_arg, second_arg = args
     38        if second_arg.is_string:
     39            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     40            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     41
     42        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     43        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     44            raise ValueError(
     45                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     46            )
     47
     48        if second_arg.name == "0":
     49            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     50        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     51            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     52        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     53            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     54
     55        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     56
     57    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     58
     59    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     60    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     61    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     62    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     63        # case: <variant_expr>
     64        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     65
     66    if first_arg.is_string:
     67        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     68            # case: <integer>
     69            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     70
     71        # case: <date_expr>
     72        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     73
     74    # case: <numeric_expr>
     75    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     76
     77
     78def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     79    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     80
     81    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     82        return expression
     83
     84    return exp.Struct(
     85        expressions=[
     86            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     87        ]
     88    )
     89
     90
     91def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     92    return exp.DateDiff(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0))
     93
     94
     95def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     96    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     97    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
     98    if scale in [None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS]:
     99        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
    100    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    101        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
    102    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    103        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
    104
    105    raise ValueError("Improper scale for timestamp")
    106
    107
    108# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    109# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    110def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    111    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    112
    113    if not this:
    114        return None
    115
    116    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    117    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    118
    119    name = this.name.upper()
    120    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    121        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
    122            scale = 10**3
    123        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
    124            scale = 10**6
    125        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
    126            scale = 10**9
    127        else:
    128            scale = None
    129
    130        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    131        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    132
    133        if scale:
    134            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    135
    136        return to_unix
    137
    138    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    139
    140
    141# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    142def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    143    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    144    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    145    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    146    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    147
    148
    149# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    150def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    151    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    152    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    153
    154
    155# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    156def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    157    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    158    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    159
    160
    161def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    162    if expression.is_type("array"):
    163        return "ARRAY"
    164    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    165        return "OBJECT"
    166    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    167
    168
    169def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    170    flag = expression.text("flag")
    171
    172    if "i" not in flag:
    173        flag += "i"
    174
    175    return self.func(
    176        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    177    )
    178
    179
    180def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    181    if len(args) == 3:
    182        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    183    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    184
    185
    186def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    187    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    188
    189    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    190        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    191
    192    return regexp_replace
    193
    194
    195def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    196    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    197        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    198
    199    return _parse
    200
    201
    202class Snowflake(Dialect):
    203    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    204    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
    205    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    206    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    207    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    208    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    209
    210    TIME_MAPPING = {
    211        "YYYY": "%Y",
    212        "yyyy": "%Y",
    213        "YY": "%y",
    214        "yy": "%y",
    215        "MMMM": "%B",
    216        "mmmm": "%B",
    217        "MON": "%b",
    218        "mon": "%b",
    219        "MM": "%m",
    220        "mm": "%m",
    221        "DD": "%d",
    222        "dd": "%-d",
    223        "DY": "%a",
    224        "dy": "%w",
    225        "HH24": "%H",
    226        "hh24": "%H",
    227        "HH12": "%I",
    228        "hh12": "%I",
    229        "MI": "%M",
    230        "mi": "%M",
    231        "SS": "%S",
    232        "ss": "%S",
    233        "FF": "%f",
    234        "ff": "%f",
    235        "FF6": "%f",
    236        "ff6": "%f",
    237    }
    238
    239    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    240        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    241
    242        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    243
    244        FUNCTIONS = {
    245            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    246            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    247            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    248            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    249                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    250                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    251                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    252                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    253            ),
    254            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    255            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    256            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    257            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    258            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    259            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    260            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    261                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    262            ),
    263            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    264            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    265            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    266            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    267            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    268            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    269            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    270            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    271            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    272            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    273            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    274            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    275            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    276            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    277            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    278            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    279        }
    280
    281        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    282            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    283            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    284        }
    285        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    286
    287        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    288            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    289            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    290                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    291            ),
    292        }
    293
    294        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    295
    296        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    297            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    298            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    299            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    300        }
    301
    302        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    303            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    304            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    305            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    306                exp.Set,
    307                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    308                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    309                unset=True,
    310            ),
    311        }
    312
    313        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    315            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    316        }
    317
    318        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    319            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    320            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    321        }
    322
    323        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    324            TokenType.DOT,
    325            TokenType.MOD,
    326            TokenType.SLASH,
    327        }
    328
    329        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    330            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    331            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    332            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    333                table_name = "@"
    334                while True:
    335                    self._advance()
    336                    table_name += self._prev.text
    337                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    338                        break
    339                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    340                        table_name += self._prev.text
    341
    342                table = exp.var(table_name)
    343            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    344                table = self._parse_string()
    345
    346            if table:
    347                file_format = None
    348                pattern = None
    349
    350                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    351                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    352                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    353                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    354                    self._match_r_paren()
    355
    356                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    357
    358            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    359
    360        def _parse_id_var(
    361            self,
    362            any_token: bool = True,
    363            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    364        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    365            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    366                identifier = (
    367                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    368                    or self._parse_string()
    369                )
    370                self._match_r_paren()
    371                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    372
    373            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    374
    375        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    376            scope = None
    377            scope_kind = None
    378
    379            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    380                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    381                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    382                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    383                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    384                    if self._curr:
    385                        scope = self._parse_table()
    386                elif self._curr:
    387                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    388                    scope = self._parse_table()
    389
    390            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
    391
    392    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    393        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    394        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    395        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    396        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    397
    398        KEYWORDS = {
    399            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    400            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    401            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    402            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    403            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    404            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    405            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    406            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    407            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    408            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    409            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    410            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    411            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    412            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    413            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    414            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    415            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    416            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    417        }
    418
    419        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    420            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    421            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    422        }
    423
    424        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    425
    426        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    427
    428    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    429        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    430        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    431        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    432        JOIN_HINTS = False
    433        TABLE_HINTS = False
    434        QUERY_HINTS = False
    435        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    436        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    437        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    438
    439        TRANSFORMS = {
    440            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    441            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    442            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    443            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    444            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    445                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    446            ),
    447            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    448            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    449            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    450                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    451            ),
    452            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    453            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    454            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    455            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    456            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    457                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    458            ),
    459            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    460            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    461            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    462            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    463            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    464            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    465            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    466            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    467            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    468                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    469            ),
    470            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    471                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    472            ),
    473            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    474            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    475                [
    476                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    477                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(0),
    478                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    479                ]
    480            ),
    481            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    482            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    483            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    484                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    485            ),
    486            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    487            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    488                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    489                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    490            ),
    491            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    492            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    493            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    494            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    495                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    496            ),
    497            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    498            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    499            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    500            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    501            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    502            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    503            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    504            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    505        }
    506
    507        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    508            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    509            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    510        }
    511
    512        STAR_MAPPING = {
    513            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    514            "replace": "RENAME",
    515        }
    516
    517        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    518            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    519            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    520            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    521        }
    522
    523        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    524            selects = ["value"]
    525            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    526
    527            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    528            if offset:
    529                if unnest_alias:
    530                    expression = expression.copy()
    531                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
    532
    533                selects.append("index")
    534
    535            subquery = exp.Subquery(
    536                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
    537                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    538                ),
    539            )
    540            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    541            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    542            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"
    543
    544        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    545            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    546            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    547
    548            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    549            if scope_kind:
    550                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    551
    552            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    553
    554        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    555            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    556            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    557            group = expression.args.get("group")
    558            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    559            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    560            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    561
    562            return self.func(
    563                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    564                expression.this,
    565                expression.expression,
    566                position,
    567                occurrence,
    568                parameters,
    569                group,
    570            )
    571
    572        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    573            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    574                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    575            return super().except_op(expression)
    576
    577        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    578            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    579                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    580            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    581
    582        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    583            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    584            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    585            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    586            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    587            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    588            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    589            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    590
    591        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    592            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    593        ) -> str:
    594            start = expression.args.get("start")
    595            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    596            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    597            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    598            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    203class Snowflake(Dialect):
    204    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    205    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = True
    206    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    207    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    208    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    209    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    210
    211    TIME_MAPPING = {
    212        "YYYY": "%Y",
    213        "yyyy": "%Y",
    214        "YY": "%y",
    215        "yy": "%y",
    216        "MMMM": "%B",
    217        "mmmm": "%B",
    218        "MON": "%b",
    219        "mon": "%b",
    220        "MM": "%m",
    221        "mm": "%m",
    222        "DD": "%d",
    223        "dd": "%-d",
    224        "DY": "%a",
    225        "dy": "%w",
    226        "HH24": "%H",
    227        "hh24": "%H",
    228        "HH12": "%I",
    229        "hh12": "%I",
    230        "MI": "%M",
    231        "mi": "%M",
    232        "SS": "%S",
    233        "ss": "%S",
    234        "FF": "%f",
    235        "ff": "%f",
    236        "FF6": "%f",
    237        "ff6": "%f",
    238    }
    239
    240    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    241        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    242
    243        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    244
    245        FUNCTIONS = {
    246            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    247            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    248            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    249            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    250                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    251                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    252                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    253                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    254            ),
    255            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    256            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    257            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    258            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    259            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    260            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    261            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    262                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    263            ),
    264            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    265            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    266            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    267            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    268            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    269            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    270            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    271            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    272            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    273            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    274            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    275            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    276            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    277            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    278            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    279            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    280        }
    281
    282        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    284            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    285        }
    286        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    287
    288        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    289            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    290            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    291                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    292            ),
    293        }
    294
    295        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    296
    297        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    298            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    299            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    300            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    301        }
    302
    303        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    305            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    306            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    307                exp.Set,
    308                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    309                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    310                unset=True,
    311            ),
    312        }
    313
    314        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    316            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    317        }
    318
    319        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    320            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    321            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    322        }
    323
    324        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    325            TokenType.DOT,
    326            TokenType.MOD,
    327            TokenType.SLASH,
    328        }
    329
    330        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    331            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    332            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    333            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    334                table_name = "@"
    335                while True:
    336                    self._advance()
    337                    table_name += self._prev.text
    338                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    339                        break
    340                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    341                        table_name += self._prev.text
    342
    343                table = exp.var(table_name)
    344            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    345                table = self._parse_string()
    346
    347            if table:
    348                file_format = None
    349                pattern = None
    350
    351                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    352                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    353                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    354                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    355                    self._match_r_paren()
    356
    357                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    358
    359            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    360
    361        def _parse_id_var(
    362            self,
    363            any_token: bool = True,
    364            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    365        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    366            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    367                identifier = (
    368                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    369                    or self._parse_string()
    370                )
    371                self._match_r_paren()
    372                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    373
    374            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    375
    376        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    377            scope = None
    378            scope_kind = None
    379
    380            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    381                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    382                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    383                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    384                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    385                    if self._curr:
    386                        scope = self._parse_table()
    387                elif self._curr:
    388                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    389                    scope = self._parse_table()
    390
    391            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
    392
    393    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    394        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    395        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    396        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    397        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    398
    399        KEYWORDS = {
    400            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    401            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    402            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    403            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    404            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    405            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    406            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    407            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    408            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    409            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    410            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    411            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    412            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    413            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    415            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    416            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    417            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    418        }
    419
    420        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    421            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    422            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    423        }
    424
    425        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    426
    427        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    428
    429    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    430        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    431        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    432        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    433        JOIN_HINTS = False
    434        TABLE_HINTS = False
    435        QUERY_HINTS = False
    436        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    437        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    438        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    439
    440        TRANSFORMS = {
    441            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    442            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    443            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    444            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    445            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    447            ),
    448            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    449            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    450            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    451                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    452            ),
    453            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    454            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    455            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    456            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    457            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    458                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    459            ),
    460            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    461            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    462            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    463            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    464            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    465            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    466            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    467            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    468            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    469                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    470            ),
    471            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    472                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    473            ),
    474            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    475            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    476                [
    477                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    478                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(0),
    479                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    480                ]
    481            ),
    482            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    483            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    484            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    485                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    486            ),
    487            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    488            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    489                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    490                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    491            ),
    492            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    493            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    494            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    495            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    496                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    497            ),
    498            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    499            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    500            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    501            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    502            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    503            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    504            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    505            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    506        }
    507
    508        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    509            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    511        }
    512
    513        STAR_MAPPING = {
    514            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    515            "replace": "RENAME",
    516        }
    517
    518        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    519            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    520            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    521            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    522        }
    523
    524        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    525            selects = ["value"]
    526            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    527
    528            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    529            if offset:
    530                if unnest_alias:
    531                    expression = expression.copy()
    532                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
    533
    534                selects.append("index")
    535
    536            subquery = exp.Subquery(
    537                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
    538                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    539                ),
    540            )
    541            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    542            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    543            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"
    544
    545        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    546            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    547            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    548
    549            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    550            if scope_kind:
    551                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    552
    553            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    554
    555        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    556            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    557            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    558            group = expression.args.get("group")
    559            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    560            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    561            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    562
    563            return self.func(
    564                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    565                expression.this,
    566                expression.expression,
    567                position,
    568                occurrence,
    569                parameters,
    570                group,
    571            )
    572
    573        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    574            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    575                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    576            return super().except_op(expression)
    577
    578        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    579            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    580                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    581            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    582
    583        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    584            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    585            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    586            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    587            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    588            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    589            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    590            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    591
    592        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    593            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    594        ) -> str:
    595            start = expression.args.get("start")
    596            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    597            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    598            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    599            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = True
NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'
TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}
tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = "x'"
HEX_END = "'"
BYTE_START = None
BYTE_END = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    240    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    241        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    242
    243        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    244
    245        FUNCTIONS = {
    246            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    247            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    248            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    249            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    250                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    251                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    252                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    253                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    254            ),
    255            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    256            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    257            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    258            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    259            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    260            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    261            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    262                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    263            ),
    264            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    265            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    266            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    267            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    268            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    269            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    270            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    271            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    272            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    273            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    274            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    275            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    276            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    277            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    278            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    279            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    280        }
    281
    282        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    284            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    285        }
    286        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    287
    288        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    289            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    290            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    291                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    292            ),
    293        }
    294
    295        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    296
    297        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    298            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    299            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    300            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    301        }
    302
    303        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    305            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    306            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    307                exp.Set,
    308                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    309                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    310                unset=True,
    311            ),
    312        }
    313
    314        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    316            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    317        }
    318
    319        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    320            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    321            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    322        }
    323
    324        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    325            TokenType.DOT,
    326            TokenType.MOD,
    327            TokenType.SLASH,
    328        }
    329
    330        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    331            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    332            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    333            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    334                table_name = "@"
    335                while True:
    336                    self._advance()
    337                    table_name += self._prev.text
    338                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    339                        break
    340                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    341                        table_name += self._prev.text
    342
    343                table = exp.var(table_name)
    344            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    345                table = self._parse_string()
    346
    347            if table:
    348                file_format = None
    349                pattern = None
    350
    351                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    352                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    353                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    354                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    355                    self._match_r_paren()
    356
    357                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    358
    359            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    360
    361        def _parse_id_var(
    362            self,
    363            any_token: bool = True,
    364            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    365        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    366            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    367                identifier = (
    368                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    369                    or self._parse_string()
    370                )
    371                self._match_r_paren()
    372                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    373
    374            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    375
    376        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    377            scope = None
    378            scope_kind = None
    379
    380            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    381                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    382                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    383                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    384                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    385                    if self._curr:
    386                        scope = self._parse_table()
    387                elif self._curr:
    388                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    389                    scope = self._parse_table()
    390
    391            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>}
COLUMN_OPERATORS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>: None, <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
NULL_ORDERING: str = 'nulls_are_large'
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'TERSE': {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  CLONE_KINDS
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    393    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    394        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    395        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    396        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    397        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    398
    399        KEYWORDS = {
    400            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    401            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    402            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    403            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    404            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    405            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    406            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    407            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    408            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    409            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    410            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    411            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    412            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    413            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    415            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    416            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    417            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    418        }
    419
    420        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    421            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    422            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    423        }
    424
    425        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    426
    427        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    429    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    430        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    431        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    432        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    433        JOIN_HINTS = False
    434        TABLE_HINTS = False
    435        QUERY_HINTS = False
    436        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    437        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    438        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    439
    440        TRANSFORMS = {
    441            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    442            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    443            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    444            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    445            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    447            ),
    448            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    449            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    450            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    451                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    452            ),
    453            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    454            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    455            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    456            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    457            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    458                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    459            ),
    460            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    461            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    462            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    463            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    464            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    465            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    466            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    467            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    468            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    469                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    470            ),
    471            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    472                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    473            ),
    474            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    475            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    476                [
    477                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    478                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(0),
    479                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    480                ]
    481            ),
    482            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    483            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    484            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    485                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    486            ),
    487            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    488            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    489                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    490                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    491            ),
    492            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    493            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    494            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    495            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    496                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    497            ),
    498            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    499            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    500            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    501            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    502            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    503            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    504            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    505            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    506        }
    507
    508        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    509            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    511        }
    512
    513        STAR_MAPPING = {
    514            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    515            "replace": "RENAME",
    516        }
    517
    518        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    519            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    520            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    521            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    522        }
    523
    524        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    525            selects = ["value"]
    526            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    527
    528            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    529            if offset:
    530                if unnest_alias:
    531                    expression = expression.copy()
    532                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
    533
    534                selects.append("index")
    535
    536            subquery = exp.Subquery(
    537                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
    538                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    539                ),
    540            )
    541            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    542            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    543            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"
    544
    545        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    546            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    547            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    548
    549            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    550            if scope_kind:
    551                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    552
    553            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    554
    555        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    556            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    557            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    558            group = expression.args.get("group")
    559            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    560            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    561            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    562
    563            return self.func(
    564                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    565                expression.this,
    566                expression.expression,
    567                position,
    568                occurrence,
    569                parameters,
    570                group,
    571            )
    572
    573        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    574            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    575                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    576            return super().except_op(expression)
    577
    578        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    579            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    580                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    581            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    582
    583        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    584            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    585            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    586            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    587            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    588            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    589            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    590            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    591
    592        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    593            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    594        ) -> str:
    595            start = expression.args.get("start")
    596            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    597            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    598            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    599            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    524        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    525            selects = ["value"]
    526            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    527
    528            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    529            if offset:
    530                if unnest_alias:
    531                    expression = expression.copy()
    532                    unnest_alias.append("columns", offset.pop())
    533
    534                selects.append("index")
    535
    536            subquery = exp.Subquery(
    537                this=exp.select(*selects).from_(
    538                    f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    539                ),
    540            )
    541            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    542            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    543            return f"{self.sql(subquery)}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    545        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    546            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    547            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    548
    549            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    550            if scope_kind:
    551                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    552
    553            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    555        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    556            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    557            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    558            group = expression.args.get("group")
    559            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    560            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    561            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    562
    563            return self.func(
    564                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    565                expression.this,
    566                expression.expression,
    567                position,
    568                occurrence,
    569                parameters,
    570                group,
    571            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    573        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    574            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    575                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    576            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    578        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    579            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    580                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    581            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    583        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    584            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    585            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    586            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    587            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    588            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    589            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    590            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    592        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    593            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    594        ) -> str:
    595            start = expression.args.get("start")
    596            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    597            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    598            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    599            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    279    @classmethod
    280    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    281        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    282
    283        Args:
    284            text: The text to check.
    285            identify:
    286                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    287                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    288
    289        Returns:
    290            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    291        """
    292        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    293            return True
    294
    295        if identify == "safe":
    296            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    297
    298        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
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