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# sqlglot.dialects.hive

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    approx_count_distinct_sql,
      9    create_with_partitions_sql,
     10    format_time_lambda,
     11    if_sql,
     12    is_parse_json,
     13    left_to_substring_sql,
     14    locate_to_strposition,
     15    max_or_greatest,
     16    min_or_least,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_recursive_cte_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_trycast_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    regexp_replace_sql,
     23    rename_func,
     24    right_to_substring_sql,
     25    strposition_to_locate_sql,
     26    struct_extract_sql,
     27    time_format,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    var_map_sql,
     30)
     31from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     32from sqlglot.parser import parse_var_map
     33from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     34
     35# (FuncType, Multiplier)
     36DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     37    "YEAR": ("ADD_MONTHS", 12),
     38    "MONTH": ("ADD_MONTHS", 1),
     39    "QUARTER": ("ADD_MONTHS", 3),
     40    "WEEK": ("DATE_ADD", 7),
     41    "DAY": ("DATE_ADD", 1),
     42}
     43
     44TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {
     45    "MILLISECOND": " * 1000",
     46    "SECOND": "",
     47    "MINUTE": " / 60",
     48    "HOUR": " / 3600",
     49}
     50
     51DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ("YEAR", "QUARTER", "MONTH")
     52
     53
     54def _create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     55    expression = expression.copy()
     56
     57    # remove UNIQUE column constraints
     58    for constraint in expression.find_all(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint):
     59        if constraint.parent:
     60            constraint.parent.pop()
     61
     62    properties = expression.args.get("properties")
     63    temporary = any(
     64        isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
     65        for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
     66    )
     67
     68    # CTAS with temp tables map to CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW
     69    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     70    if kind.upper() == "TABLE" and temporary:
     71        if expression.expression:
     72            return f"CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW {self.sql(expression, 'this')} AS {self.sql(expression, 'expression')}"
     73        else:
     74            # CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE may require storage provider
     75            expression = self.temporary_storage_provider(expression)
     76
     77    return create_with_partitions_sql(self, expression)
     78
     79
     80def _add_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.DateAdd | exp.DateSub) -> str:
     81    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     82    func, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("DATE_ADD", 1))
     83
     84    if isinstance(expression, exp.DateSub):
     85        multiplier *= -1
     86
     87    if expression.expression.is_number:
     88        modified_increment = exp.Literal.number(int(expression.text("expression")) * multiplier)
     89    else:
     90        modified_increment = expression.expression.copy()
     91        if multiplier != 1:
     92            modified_increment = exp.Mul(  # type: ignore
     93                this=modified_increment, expression=exp.Literal.number(multiplier)
     94            )
     95
     96    return self.func(func, expression.this, modified_increment)
     97
     98
     99def _date_diff_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
    100    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
    101
    102    factor = TIME_DIFF_FACTOR.get(unit)
    103    if factor is not None:
    104        left = self.sql(expression, "this")
    105        right = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    106        sec_diff = f"UNIX_TIMESTAMP({left}) - UNIX_TIMESTAMP({right})"
    107        return f"({sec_diff}){factor}" if factor else sec_diff
    108
    109    sql_func = "MONTHS_BETWEEN" if unit in DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH else "DATEDIFF"
    110    _, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("", 1))
    111    multiplier_sql = f" / {multiplier}" if multiplier > 1 else ""
    112    diff_sql = f"{sql_func}({self.format_args(expression.this, expression.expression)})"
    113
    114    return f"{diff_sql}{multiplier_sql}"
    115
    116
    117def _json_format_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    118    this = expression.this
    119    if is_parse_json(this) and this.this.is_string:
    120        # Since FROM_JSON requires a nested type, we always wrap the json string with
    121        # an array to ensure that "naked" strings like "'a'" will be handled correctly
    122        wrapped_json = exp.Literal.string(f"[{this.this.name}]")
    123
    124        from_json = self.func("FROM_JSON", wrapped_json, self.func("SCHEMA_OF_JSON", wrapped_json))
    125        to_json = self.func("TO_JSON", from_json)
    126
    127        # This strips the [, ] delimiters of the dummy array printed by TO_JSON
    128        return self.func("REGEXP_EXTRACT", to_json, "'^.(.*).$'", "1")
    129
    130    return self.func("TO_JSON", this, expression.args.get("options"))
    131
    132
    133def _array_sort_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.ArraySort) -> str:
    134    if expression.expression:
    135        self.unsupported("Hive SORT_ARRAY does not support a comparator")
    136    return f"SORT_ARRAY({self.sql(expression, 'this')})"
    137
    138
    139def _property_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.Property) -> str:
    140    return f"{self.property_name(expression, string_key=True)}={self.sql(expression, 'value')}"
    141
    142
    143def _str_to_unix_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    144    return self.func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, time_format("hive")(self, expression))
    145
    146
    147def _str_to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate) -> str:
    148    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    149    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    150    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    151        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    152    return f"CAST({this} AS DATE)"
    153
    154
    155def _str_to_time_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToTime) -> str:
    156    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    157    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    158    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    159        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    160    return f"CAST({this} AS TIMESTAMP)"
    161
    162
    163def _time_to_str(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    164    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    165    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    166    return f"DATE_FORMAT({this}, {time_format})"
    167
    168
    169def _to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
    170    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    171    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    172    if time_format and time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    173        return f"TO_DATE({this}, {time_format})"
    174    return f"TO_DATE({this})"
    175
    176
    177class Hive(Dialect):
    178    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    179    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    180    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    181
    182    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    183    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    184
    185    TIME_MAPPING = {
    186        "y": "%Y",
    187        "Y": "%Y",
    188        "YYYY": "%Y",
    189        "yyyy": "%Y",
    190        "YY": "%y",
    191        "yy": "%y",
    192        "MMMM": "%B",
    193        "MMM": "%b",
    194        "MM": "%m",
    195        "M": "%-m",
    196        "dd": "%d",
    197        "d": "%-d",
    198        "HH": "%H",
    199        "H": "%-H",
    200        "hh": "%I",
    201        "h": "%-I",
    202        "mm": "%M",
    203        "m": "%-M",
    204        "ss": "%S",
    205        "s": "%-S",
    206        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    207        "a": "%p",
    208        "DD": "%j",
    209        "D": "%-j",
    210        "E": "%a",
    211        "EE": "%a",
    212        "EEE": "%a",
    213        "EEEE": "%A",
    214    }
    215
    216    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    217    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    218    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    219
    220    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    221        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    222        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    223        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    224        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    225
    226        KEYWORDS = {
    227            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    228            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    229            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    230            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    231            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    232            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    233            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    234            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    237            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    238            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    239        }
    240
    241        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    242            "L": "BIGINT",
    243            "S": "SMALLINT",
    244            "Y": "TINYINT",
    245            "D": "DOUBLE",
    246            "F": "FLOAT",
    247            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    248        }
    249
    250    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    251        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    252        STRICT_CAST = False
    253
    254        FUNCTIONS = {
    255            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    256            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    257            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    258            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    259            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    260                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    261            ),
    262            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    263                [
    264                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    265                    seq_get(args, 1),
    266                ]
    267            ),
    268            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    269                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    270                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    271                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    272            ),
    273            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    274                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    275                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    276            ),
    277            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    278            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    279            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    280            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    281            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    282            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    283            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    284            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    285            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    286                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    287            ),
    288            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    289            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    290            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    291                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    292                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    293                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    294            ),
    295            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    296            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    297            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    298            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    299            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    300        }
    301
    302        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    303            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    304            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    305        }
    306
    307        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    308            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    309            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    310                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    311            ),
    312        }
    313
    314        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    315            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    316                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    317                return None
    318
    319            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    320            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    321
    322            record_writer = None
    323            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    324                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    325
    326            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    327                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    328
    329            command_script = self._parse_string()
    330
    331            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    332            schema = self._parse_schema()
    333
    334            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    335            record_reader = None
    336            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    337                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    338
    339            return self.expression(
    340                exp.QueryTransform,
    341                expressions=args,
    342                command_script=command_script,
    343                schema=schema,
    344                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    345                record_writer=record_writer,
    346                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    347                record_reader=record_reader,
    348            )
    349
    350        def _parse_types(
    351            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    352        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    353            """
    354            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    355            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    356
    357                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    358                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    359                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    360                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    361                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    362
    363                1234
    364                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    365
    366            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    367            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    368
    369            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    370            """
    371            this = super()._parse_types(
    372                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    373            )
    374
    375            if this and not schema:
    376                return this.transform(
    377                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    378                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    379                    else node,
    380                    copy=False,
    381                )
    382
    383            return this
    384
    385        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    386            self,
    387        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    388            return (
    389                self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    390                if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    391                else [],
    392                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    393            )
    394
    395    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    396        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    397        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    398        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    399        JOIN_HINTS = False
    400        TABLE_HINTS = False
    401        QUERY_HINTS = False
    402        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    403        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    404        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    405
    406        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    407            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    408            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    409            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    414        }
    415
    416        TRANSFORMS = {
    417            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    418            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    419            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    420                [
    421                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    422                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    423                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    424                ]
    425            ),
    426            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    427            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    428            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    429            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    430            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    431            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    432            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    433            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    434            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    435            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    436            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    437            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    438            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    439            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    440            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    441            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    442            exp.If: if_sql(),
    443            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    444            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    445            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    446            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    447            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    448            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    449            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    450            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    451            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    452            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    453            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    454            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: ""
    455            if e.args.get("allow_null")
    456            else "NOT NULL",
    457            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    458            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    459            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    460            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    461            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    462            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    463            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    464            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    465            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    466            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    467            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    468            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    469            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    470            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    471            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    472            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    473            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    474            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    475            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    476            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    477            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    478            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    479            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    480            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    481            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    482            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    483            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    484            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    485            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    486                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    487            ),
    488            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    489            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    490            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    491            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    492            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    493            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    494            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    495            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    496            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    497            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "",
    498            exp.OnProperty: lambda self, e: "",
    499            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "PRIMARY KEY",
    500        }
    501
    502        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    503            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    504            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    505            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    506            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    507            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    508        }
    509
    510        def temporary_storage_provider(self, expression: exp.Create) -> exp.Create:
    511            # Hive has no temporary storage provider (there are hive settings though)
    512            return expression
    513
    514        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    515            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    516            parent = expression.parent
    517
    518            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    519                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    520                return this
    521
    522            return f"${{{this}}}"
    523
    524        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    525            expression = expression.copy()
    526
    527            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    528                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    529                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    530
    531            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    532
    533        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    534            expression = expression.copy()
    535
    536            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    537                prop.pop()
    538
    539            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    540            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    541            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    542
    543        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    544            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    545            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    546            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    547
    548        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    549            return self.func(
    550                "COLLECT_LIST",
    551                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    552            )
    553
    554        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    555            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    556
    557        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    558            if (
    559                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    560                and not expression.expressions
    561            ):
    562                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    563            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    564                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    565            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    566                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    567                if size_expression:
    568                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    569                    expression = (
    570                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    571                    )
    572
    573            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    574
    575        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    576            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    577            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {'YEAR': ('ADD_MONTHS', 12), 'MONTH': ('ADD_MONTHS', 1), 'QUARTER': ('ADD_MONTHS', 3), 'WEEK': ('DATE_ADD', 7), 'DAY': ('DATE_ADD', 1)}
TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {'MILLISECOND': ' * 1000', 'SECOND': '', 'MINUTE': ' / 60', 'HOUR': ' / 3600'}
DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ('YEAR', 'QUARTER', 'MONTH')
class Hive(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    178class Hive(Dialect):
    179    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    180    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    181    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    182
    183    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    184    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    185
    186    TIME_MAPPING = {
    187        "y": "%Y",
    188        "Y": "%Y",
    189        "YYYY": "%Y",
    190        "yyyy": "%Y",
    191        "YY": "%y",
    192        "yy": "%y",
    193        "MMMM": "%B",
    194        "MMM": "%b",
    195        "MM": "%m",
    196        "M": "%-m",
    197        "dd": "%d",
    198        "d": "%-d",
    199        "HH": "%H",
    200        "H": "%-H",
    201        "hh": "%I",
    202        "h": "%-I",
    203        "mm": "%M",
    204        "m": "%-M",
    205        "ss": "%S",
    206        "s": "%-S",
    207        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    208        "a": "%p",
    209        "DD": "%j",
    210        "D": "%-j",
    211        "E": "%a",
    212        "EE": "%a",
    213        "EEE": "%a",
    214        "EEEE": "%A",
    215    }
    216
    217    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    218    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    219    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    220
    221    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    222        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    223        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    224        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    225        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    226
    227        KEYWORDS = {
    228            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    229            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    230            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    231            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    232            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    233            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    234            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    238            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    239            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    240        }
    241
    242        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    243            "L": "BIGINT",
    244            "S": "SMALLINT",
    245            "Y": "TINYINT",
    246            "D": "DOUBLE",
    247            "F": "FLOAT",
    248            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    249        }
    250
    251    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    252        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    253        STRICT_CAST = False
    254
    255        FUNCTIONS = {
    256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    257            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    258            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    259            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    260            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    261                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    262            ),
    263            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    264                [
    265                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    266                    seq_get(args, 1),
    267                ]
    268            ),
    269            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    270                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    271                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    272                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    273            ),
    274            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    275                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    276                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    277            ),
    278            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    279            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    280            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    281            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    282            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    283            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    284            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    285            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    286            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    288            ),
    289            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    290            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    291            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    294                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    295            ),
    296            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    297            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    298            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    299            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    300            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    301        }
    302
    303        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    305            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    306        }
    307
    308        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    309            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    310            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    311                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    312            ),
    313        }
    314
    315        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    316            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    317                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    318                return None
    319
    320            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    321            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    322
    323            record_writer = None
    324            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    325                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    326
    327            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    328                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    329
    330            command_script = self._parse_string()
    331
    332            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    333            schema = self._parse_schema()
    334
    335            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    336            record_reader = None
    337            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    338                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    339
    340            return self.expression(
    341                exp.QueryTransform,
    342                expressions=args,
    343                command_script=command_script,
    344                schema=schema,
    345                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    346                record_writer=record_writer,
    347                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    348                record_reader=record_reader,
    349            )
    350
    351        def _parse_types(
    352            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    353        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    354            """
    355            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    356            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    357
    358                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    359                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    360                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    361                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    362                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    363
    364                1234
    365                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    366
    367            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    368            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    369
    370            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    371            """
    372            this = super()._parse_types(
    373                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    374            )
    375
    376            if this and not schema:
    377                return this.transform(
    378                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    379                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    380                    else node,
    381                    copy=False,
    382                )
    383
    384            return this
    385
    386        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    387            self,
    388        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    389            return (
    390                self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    391                if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    392                else [],
    393                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    394            )
    395
    396    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    397        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    398        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    399        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    400        JOIN_HINTS = False
    401        TABLE_HINTS = False
    402        QUERY_HINTS = False
    403        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    404        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    405        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    406
    407        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    408            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    409            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    415        }
    416
    417        TRANSFORMS = {
    418            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    419            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    420            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    421                [
    422                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    423                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    424                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    425                ]
    426            ),
    427            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    428            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    429            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    430            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    431            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    432            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    433            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    434            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    435            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    436            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    437            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    438            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    439            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    440            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    441            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    442            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    443            exp.If: if_sql(),
    444            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    445            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    446            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    447            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    448            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    449            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    450            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    451            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    452            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    453            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    454            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    455            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: ""
    456            if e.args.get("allow_null")
    457            else "NOT NULL",
    458            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    459            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    460            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    461            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    462            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    463            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    464            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    465            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    466            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    467            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    468            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    469            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    470            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    471            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    472            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    473            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    474            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    475            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    476            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    477            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    478            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    479            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    480            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    481            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    482            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    483            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    484            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    485            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    486            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    487                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    488            ),
    489            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    490            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    491            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    492            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    493            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    494            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    495            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    496            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    497            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    498            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "",
    499            exp.OnProperty: lambda self, e: "",
    500            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "PRIMARY KEY",
    501        }
    502
    503        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    504            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    505            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    506            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    507            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    508            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    509        }
    510
    511        def temporary_storage_provider(self, expression: exp.Create) -> exp.Create:
    512            # Hive has no temporary storage provider (there are hive settings though)
    513            return expression
    514
    515        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    516            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    517            parent = expression.parent
    518
    519            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    520                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    521                return this
    522
    523            return f"${{{this}}}"
    524
    525        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    526            expression = expression.copy()
    527
    528            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    529                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    530                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    531
    532            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    533
    534        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    535            expression = expression.copy()
    536
    537            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    538                prop.pop()
    539
    540            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    541            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    542            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    543
    544        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    545            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    546            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    547            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    548
    549        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    550            return self.func(
    551                "COLLECT_LIST",
    552                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    553            )
    554
    555        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    556            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    557
    558        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    559            if (
    560                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    561                and not expression.expressions
    562            ):
    563                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    564            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    565                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    566            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    567                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    568                if size_expression:
    569                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    570                    expression = (
    571                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    572                    )
    573
    574            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    575
    576        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    577            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    578            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}
DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
tokenizer_class = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Hive.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Hive.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = None
HEX_END = None
BYTE_START = None
BYTE_END = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Hive.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    221    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    222        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    223        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    224        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    225        ENCODE = "utf-8"
    226
    227        KEYWORDS = {
    228            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    229            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    230            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    231            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    232            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    233            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    234            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    238            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    239            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    240        }
    241
    242        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    243            "L": "BIGINT",
    244            "S": "SMALLINT",
    245            "Y": "TINYINT",
    246            "D": "DOUBLE",
    247            "F": "FLOAT",
    248            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    249        }

QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
ENCODE = 'utf-8'
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 'SERDE_PROPERTIES'>, 'TIMESTAMP AS OF': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'VERSION AS OF': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>}
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT: bool = True

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  COMMENTS
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Hive.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    251    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    252        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    253        STRICT_CAST = False
    254
    255        FUNCTIONS = {
    256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    257            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    258            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    259            "COLLECT_SET": exp.SetAgg.from_arg_list,
    260            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    261                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    262            ),
    263            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    264                [
    265                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    266                    seq_get(args, 1),
    267                ]
    268            ),
    269            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    270                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    271                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    272                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    273            ),
    274            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    275                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    276                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    277            ),
    278            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    279            "FROM_UNIXTIME": format_time_lambda(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    280            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    281            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    282            "MAP": parse_var_map,
    283            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    284            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    285            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    286            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    288            ),
    289            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    290            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    291            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    294                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    295            ),
    296            "TO_DATE": format_time_lambda(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    297            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    298            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    299            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True),
    300            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    301        }
    302
    303        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    305            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    306        }
    307
    308        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    309            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    310            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    311                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    312            ),
    313        }
    314
    315        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    316            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    317                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    318                return None
    319
    320            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    321            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    322
    323            record_writer = None
    324            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    325                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    326
    327            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    328                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    329
    330            command_script = self._parse_string()
    331
    332            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    333            schema = self._parse_schema()
    334
    335            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    336            record_reader = None
    337            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    338                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    339
    340            return self.expression(
    341                exp.QueryTransform,
    342                expressions=args,
    343                command_script=command_script,
    344                schema=schema,
    345                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    346                record_writer=record_writer,
    347                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    348                record_reader=record_reader,
    349            )
    350
    351        def _parse_types(
    352            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    353        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    354            """
    355            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    356            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    357
    358                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    359                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    360                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    361                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    362                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    363
    364                1234
    365                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    366
    367            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    368            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    369
    370            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    371            """
    372            this = super()._parse_types(
    373                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    374            )
    375
    376            if this and not schema:
    377                return this.transform(
    378                    lambda node: node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    379                    if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    380                    else node,
    381                    copy=False,
    382                )
    383
    384            return this
    385
    386        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    387            self,
    388        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    389            return (
    390                self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    391                if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    392                else [],
    393                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    394            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
STRICT_CAST = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'COLLECT_LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'COLLECT_SET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'GET_JSON_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'LOCATE': <function locate_to_strposition>, 'PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'PERCENTILE_APPROX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'TO_DATE': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'TO_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'UNBASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP': <function format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE: bool = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  FUNCTION_PARSERS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  CLONE_KINDS
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  NULL_ORDERING
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Hive.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    396    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    397        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    398        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    399        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    400        JOIN_HINTS = False
    401        TABLE_HINTS = False
    402        QUERY_HINTS = False
    403        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    404        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    405        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    406
    407        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    408            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    409            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    415        }
    416
    417        TRANSFORMS = {
    418            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    419            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    420            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    421                [
    422                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    423                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    424                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    425                ]
    426            ),
    427            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    428            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    429            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    430            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    431            exp.ArrayJoin: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    432            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    433            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    434            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    435            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    436            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    437            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    438            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    439            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    440            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    441            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    442            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    443            exp.If: if_sql(),
    444            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    445            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    446            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    447            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("GET_JSON_OBJECT"),
    448            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    449            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    450            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    451            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    452            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    453            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    454            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    455            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: ""
    456            if e.args.get("allow_null")
    457            else "NOT NULL",
    458            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    459            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    460            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    461            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    462            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    463            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    464            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    465            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    466            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    467            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    468            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    469            exp.SetAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    470            exp.Split: lambda self, e: f"SPLIT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, CONCAT('\\\\Q', {self.sql(e, 'expression')}))",
    471            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    472            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    473            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    474            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    475            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    476            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    477            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    478            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    479            exp.TimeToStr: _time_to_str,
    480            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    481            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    482            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    483            exp.TsOrDsAdd: lambda self, e: f"DATE_ADD({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    484            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    485            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    486            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    487                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    488            ),
    489            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    490            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    491            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    492            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    493            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    494            exp.LastDateOfMonth: rename_func("LAST_DAY"),
    495            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    496            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    497            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    498            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "",
    499            exp.OnProperty: lambda self, e: "",
    500            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: "PRIMARY KEY",
    501        }
    502
    503        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    504            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    505            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    506            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    507            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    508            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    509        }
    510
    511        def temporary_storage_provider(self, expression: exp.Create) -> exp.Create:
    512            # Hive has no temporary storage provider (there are hive settings though)
    513            return expression
    514
    515        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    516            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    517            parent = expression.parent
    518
    519            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    520                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    521                return this
    522
    523            return f"${{{this}}}"
    524
    525        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    526            expression = expression.copy()
    527
    528            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    529                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    530                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    531
    532            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    533
    534        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    535            expression = expression.copy()
    536
    537            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    538                prop.pop()
    539
    540            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    541            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    542            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    543
    544        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    545            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    546            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    547            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    548
    549        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    550            return self.func(
    551                "COLLECT_LIST",
    552                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    553            )
    554
    555        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    556            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    557
    558        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    559            if (
    560                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    561                and not expression.expressions
    562            ):
    563                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    564            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    565                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    566            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    567                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    568                if size_expression:
    569                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    570                    expression = (
    571                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    572                    )
    573
    574            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    575
    576        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    577            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    578            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
INDEX_ON = 'ON TABLE'
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BINARY'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <function _property_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function approx_count_distinct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>: <function _array_sort_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function no_recursive_cte_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function _json_format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotNullColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function strposition_to_locate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>: <function _str_to_unix_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _time_to_str>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.National'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
def temporary_storage_provider( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> sqlglot.expressions.Create: View Source

    511        def temporary_storage_provider(self, expression: exp.Create) -> exp.Create:
    512            # Hive has no temporary storage provider (there are hive settings though)
    513            return expression

def parameter_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Parameter) -> str: View Source

    515        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    516            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    517            parent = expression.parent
    518
    519            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    520                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    521                return this
    522
    523            return f"${{{this}}}"

def schema_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Schema) -> str: View Source

    525        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    526            expression = expression.copy()
    527
    528            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    529                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    530                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    531
    532            return super().schema_sql(expression)

def constraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Constraint) -> str: View Source

    534        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    535            expression = expression.copy()
    536
    537            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    538                prop.pop()
    539
    540            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    541            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    542            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"

def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str: View Source

    544        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    545            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    546            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    547            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"

def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg) -> str: View Source

    549        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    550            return self.func(
    551                "COLLECT_LIST",
    552                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    553            )

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    555        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    556            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    558        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    559            if (
    560                expression.this in (exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR, exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
    561                and not expression.expressions
    562            ):
    563                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    564            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    565                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    566            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    567                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    568                if size_expression:
    569                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    570                    expression = (
    571                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    572                    )
    573
    574            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    576        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    577            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    578            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    279    @classmethod
    280    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    281        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    282
    283        Args:
    284            text: The text to check.
    285            identify:
    286                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    287                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    288
    289        Returns:
    290            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    291        """
    292        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    293            return True
    294
    295        if identify == "safe":
    296            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    297
    298        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
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  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
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  all_sql
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  exists_sql
  case_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
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  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
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  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
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  mergetreettlaction_sql
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  transaction_sql
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  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
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  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
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  mod_sql
  mul_sql
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  nullsafeeq_sql
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  or_sql
  slice_sql
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  trycast_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
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  expressions
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  naked_property
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  tag_sql
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  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql