<!--
    tagline: Solving problems
-->
# Troubleshooting

This is a list of common pitfalls on using Composer, and how to avoid them.


## General

1. When facing any kind of problems using Composer, be sure to **work with the
   latest version**. See [self-update](../03-cli.md#self-update) for details.

2. Before asking anyone, run [`composer diagnose`](../03-cli.md#diagnose) to check
   for common problems. If it all checks out, proceed to the next steps.

3. Make sure you have no problems with your setup by running the installer's
   checks via `curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --check`.

4. Try clearing Composer's cache by running `composer clear-cache`.

5. Ensure you're **installing vendors straight from your `composer.json`** via
   `rm -rf vendor && composer update -v` when troubleshooting, excluding any
   possible interferences with existing vendor installations or `composer.lock`
   entries.


## Package not found

1. Double-check you **don't have typos** in your `composer.json` or repository
   branches and tag names.

2. Be sure to **set the right
   [minimum-stability](../04-schema.md#minimum-stability)**. To get started or be
   sure this is no issue, set `minimum-stability` to "dev".

3. Packages **not coming from [Packagist](https://packagist.org/)** should
   always be **defined in the root package** (the package depending on all
   vendors).

4. Use the **same vendor and package name** throughout all branches and tags of
   your repository, especially when maintaining a third party fork and using
   `replace`.

5. If you are updating to a recently published version of a package, be aware that
   Packagist has a delay of up to 1 minute before new packages are visible to Composer.

6. If you are updating a single package, it may depend on newer versions itself.
   In this case add the `--with-dependencies` argument **or** add all dependencies which
   need an update to the command.


## Package is not updating to the expected version

Try running `php composer.phar why-not [package-name] [expected-version]`.


## Dependencies on the root package

When your root package depends on a package which ends up depending (directly or
indirectly) back on the root package itself, issues can occur in two cases:

1. During development, if you are on a branch like `dev-main` and the branch has no
   [branch-alias](aliases.md#branch-alias) defined, and the dependency on the root package
   requires version `^2.0` for example, the `dev-main` version will not satisfy it.
   The best solution here is to make sure you first define a branch alias.

2. In CI (Continuous Integration) runs, the problem might be that Composer is not able
   to detect the version of the root package properly. If it is a git clone it is
   generally alright and Composer will detect the version of the current branch,
   but some CIs do shallow clones so that process can fail when testing pull requests
   and feature branches. In these cases the branch alias may then not be recognized.
   The best solution is to define the version you are on via an environment variable
   called `COMPOSER_ROOT_VERSION`. You set it to `dev-main` for example to define
   the root package's version as `dev-main`.
   Use for example: `COMPOSER_ROOT_VERSION=dev-main composer install` to export
   the variable only for the call to composer, or you can define it globally in the
   CI env vars.

## Root package version detection

Composer relies on knowing the version of the root package to resolve
dependencies effectively. The version of the root package is determined
using a hierarchical approach:

1. **composer.json Version Field**: Firstly, Composer looks for a `version`
   field in the project's root `composer.json` file. If present, this field
   specifies the version of the root package directly. This is generally not
   recommended as it needs to be constantly updated, but it is an option.

2. **Environment Variable**: Composer then checks for the `COMPOSER_ROOT_VERSION`
   environment variable. This variable can be explicitly set by the user to
   define the version of the root package, providing a straightforward way to
   inform Composer of the exact version, especially in CI/CD environments or
   when the VCS method is not applicable.

3. **Version Control System (VCS) Inspection**: Composer then attempts to guess
   the version by interfacing with the version control system of the project. For
   instance, in projects versioned with Git, Composer executes specific Git
   commands to deduce the project's current version based on tags, branches, and
   commit history. If a `.git` directory is missing or the history is incomplete
   because CI is using a shallow clone for example, this detection may fail to find
   the correct version.

4. **Fallback**: If all else fails, Composer uses `1.0.0` as default version.

Note that relying on the default/fallback version might potentially lead to dependency
resolution issues, especially when the root package depends on a package which ends up
depending (directly or indirectly)
[back on the root package itself](#dependencies-on-the-root-package).

## Network timeout issues, curl error

If you see something along the lines of:

```
Failed to download * curl error 28 while downloading * Operation timed out after 300000 milliseconds
```

It means your network is probably so slow that a request took over 300seconds to complete. This is the
minimum timeout Composer will use, but you can increase it by increasing the `default_socket_timeout`
value in your php.ini to something higher.


## Package not found in a Jenkins-build

1. Check the ["Package not found"](#package-not-found) item above.

2. The git-clone / checkout within Jenkins leaves the branch in a "detached HEAD"-state. As
   a result, Composer may not able to identify the version of the current checked out branch
   and may not be able to resolve a [dependency on the root package](#dependencies-on-the-root-package).
   To solve this problem, you can use the "Additional Behaviours" -> "Check out to specific local
   branch" in your Git-settings for your Jenkins-job, where your "local branch" shall be the same
   branch as you are checking out. Using this, the checkout will not be in detached state any more
   and the dependency on the root package should become satisfied.


## I have a dependency which contains a "repositories" definition in its composer.json, but it seems to be ignored.

The [`repositories`](../04-schema.md#repositories) configuration property is defined as [root-only](../04-schema.md#root-package). It is not inherited. You can read more about the reasons behind this in the "[why can't
Composer load repositories recursively?](../faqs/why-cant-composer-load-repositories-recursively.md)" article.
The simplest work-around to this limitation, is moving or duplicating the `repositories` definition into your root
composer.json.


## I have locked a dependency to a specific commit but get unexpected results.

While Composer supports locking dependencies to a specific commit using the `#commit-ref` syntax, there are certain
caveats that one should take into account. The most important one is [documented](../04-schema.md#package-links), but
frequently overlooked:

> **Note:** While this is convenient at times, it should not be how you use
> packages in the long term because it comes with a technical limitation. The
> composer.json metadata will still be read from the branch name you specify
> before the hash. Because of that in some cases it will not be a practical
> workaround, and you should always try to switch to tagged releases as soon
> as you can.

There is no simple work-around to this limitation. It is therefore strongly recommended that you do not use it.


## Need to override a package version

Let's say your project depends on package A, which in turn depends on a specific
version of package B (say 0.1). But you need a different version of said package B (say 0.11).

You can fix this by aliasing version 0.11 to 0.1:

composer.json:

```json
{
    "require": {
        "A": "0.2",
        "B": "0.11 as 0.1"
    }
}
```

See [aliases](aliases.md) for more information.


## Figuring out where a config value came from

Use `php composer.phar config --list --source` to see where each config value originated from.

## Memory limit errors

The first thing to do is to make sure you are running Composer 2, and if possible 2.2.0 or above.

Composer 1 used much more memory and upgrading to the latest version will give you much better and faster results.

Composer may sometimes fail on some commands with this message:

`PHP Fatal error:  Allowed memory size of XXXXXX bytes exhausted <...>`

In this case, the PHP `memory_limit` should be increased.

> **Note:** Composer internally increases the `memory_limit` to `1.5G`.

To get the current `memory_limit` value, run:

```shell
php -r "echo ini_get('memory_limit').PHP_EOL;"
```

Try increasing the limit in your `php.ini` file (ex. `/etc/php5/cli/php.ini` for
Debian-like systems):

```ini
; Use -1 for unlimited or define an explicit value like 2G
memory_limit = -1
```

Composer also respects a memory limit defined by the `COMPOSER_MEMORY_LIMIT` environment variable:

```shell
COMPOSER_MEMORY_LIMIT=-1 composer.phar <...>
```

Or, you can increase the limit with a command-line argument:

```shell
php -d memory_limit=-1 composer.phar <...>
```

However, please note that setting the memory limit using these methods primarily addresses memory issues within Composer itself and its immediate processes. Child processes or external commands invoked by Composer may still require separate adjustments if they have their own memory requirements.

This issue can also happen on cPanel instances, when the shell fork bomb protection is activated. For more information, see the [documentation](https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/68Docs/Shell+Fork+Bomb+Protection) of the fork bomb feature on the cPanel site.

## Xdebug impact on Composer

To improve performance when the Xdebug extension is enabled, Composer automatically restarts PHP without it.
You can override this behavior by using an environment variable: `COMPOSER_ALLOW_XDEBUG=1`.

Composer will always show a warning if Xdebug is being used, but you can override this with an environment variable:
`COMPOSER_DISABLE_XDEBUG_WARN=1`. If you see this warning unexpectedly, then the restart process has failed:
please report this [issue](https://github.com/composer/composer/issues).


## "The system cannot find the path specified" (Windows)

1. Open regedit.
2. Search for an `AutoRun` key inside `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor`,
   `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor`
   or `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Command Processor`.
3. Check if it contains any path to a non-existent file, if it's the case, remove them.


## SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate

1. Check that your root certificate store / CA bundle is up to date. Run `composer diagnose -vvv`
   and look for `Checked CA file ...` or `Checked directory ...` lines in the first lines of output.
   This will show you where Composer is looking for a CA bundle. You can get a
   [new cacert.pem from cURL](https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html) and store it there.
2. If this did not help despite Composer finding a valid CA bundle, try disabling your antivirus and
   firewall software to see if that helps. We have seen issues where Avast on Windows for example would
   prevent Composer from functioning correctly. To disable the HTTPS scanning in Avast you can go in
   "Protection > Core Shields > Web Shield > **uncheck** Enable HTTPS scanning". If this helps you
   should report it to the software vendor so they can hopefully improve things.


## API rate limit and OAuth tokens

Because of GitHub's rate limits on their API it can happen that Composer prompts
for authentication asking your username and password so it can go ahead with its work.

If you would prefer not to provide your GitHub credentials to Composer you can
manually create a token using the [procedure documented here](authentication-for-private-packages.md#github-oauth).

Now Composer should install/update without asking for authentication.


## proc_open(): fork failed errors

If Composer shows proc_open() fork failed on some commands:

`PHP Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'ErrorException' with message 'proc_open(): fork failed - Cannot allocate memory' in phar`

This could be happening because the VPS runs out of memory and has no Swap space enabled.

```shell
free -m
```
```text
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2048 357 1690 0 0 237
-/+ buffers/cache: 119 1928
Swap: 0 0 0
```

To enable the swap you can use for example:

```shell
/bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swap.1 bs=1M count=1024
/sbin/mkswap /var/swap.1
/bin/chmod 0600 /var/swap.1
/sbin/swapon /var/swap.1
```
You can make a permanent swap file following this [tutorial](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-on-ubuntu-14-04).


## proc_open(): failed to open stream errors (Windows)

If Composer shows proc_open(NUL) errors on Windows:

`proc_open(NUL): failed to open stream: No such file or directory`

This could be happening because you are working in a _OneDrive_ directory and
using a version of PHP that does not support the file system semantics of this
service. The issue was fixed in PHP 7.2.23 and 7.3.10.

Alternatively it could be because the Windows Null Service is not enabled. For
more information, see this [issue](https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/7186#issuecomment-373134916).


## Degraded Mode

Due to some intermittent issues on Travis and other systems, we introduced a
degraded network mode which helps Composer finish successfully but disables
a few optimizations. This is enabled automatically when an issue is first
detected. If you see this issue sporadically you probably don't have to worry
(a slow or overloaded network can also cause those time outs), but if it
appears repeatedly you might want to look at the options below to identify
and resolve it.

If you have been pointed to this page, you want to check a few things:

- If you are using ESET antivirus, go in "Advanced Settings" and disable "HTTP-scanner"
  under "web access protection"
- If you are using IPv6, try disabling it. If that solves your issues, get in touch
  with your ISP or server host, the problem is not at the Packagist level but in the
  routing rules between you and Packagist (i.e. the internet at large). The best way to get
  these fixed is to raise awareness to the network engineers that have the power to fix it.
  Take a look at the next section for IPv6 workarounds.
- If none of the above helped, please report the error.


## Operation timed out (IPv6 issues)

You may run into errors if IPv6 is not configured correctly. A common error is:

```text
The "https://getcomposer.org/version" file could not be downloaded: failed to
open stream: Operation timed out
```

We recommend you fix your IPv6 setup. If that is not possible, you can try the
following workarounds:

**Generic Workaround:**

Set the [`COMPOSER_IPRESOLVE=4`](../03-cli.md#composer-ipresolve) environment variable which will force curl to resolve
domains using IPv4. This only works when the curl extension is used for downloads.

**Workaround Linux:**

On linux, it seems that running this command helps to make ipv4 traffic have a
higher priority than ipv6, which is a better alternative than disabling ipv6 entirely:

```shell
sudo sh -c "echo 'precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100' >> /etc/gai.conf"
```

**Workaround Windows:**

On windows the only way is to disable ipv6 entirely I am afraid (either in windows or in your home router).

**Workaround Mac OS X:**

Get name of your network device:

```shell
networksetup -listallnetworkservices
```

Disable IPv6 on that device (in this case "Wi-Fi"):

```shell
networksetup -setv6off Wi-Fi
```

Run Composer ...

You can enable IPv6 again with:

```shell
networksetup -setv6automatic Wi-Fi
```

That said, if this fixes your problem, please talk to your ISP about it to
try to resolve the routing errors. That's the best way to get things resolved
for everyone.


## Composer hangs with SSH ControlMaster

When you try to install packages from a Git repository and you use the `ControlMaster`
setting for your SSH connection, Composer might hang endlessly and you see a `sh`
process in the `defunct` state in your process list.

The reason for this is a SSH Bug: https://bugzilla.mindrot.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1988

As a workaround, open a SSH connection to your Git host before running Composer:

```shell
ssh -t git@mygitserver.tld
php composer.phar update
```

See also https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/4180 for more information.


## Zip archives are not unpacked correctly.

Composer can unpack zipballs using either a system-provided `unzip` or `7z` (7-Zip) utility, or PHP's
native `ZipArchive` class. On OSes where ZIP files can contain permissions and symlinks, we recommend
installing `unzip` or `7z` as these features are not supported by `ZipArchive`.


## Disabling the pool optimizer

In Composer, the `Pool` class contains all the packages that are relevant for the dependency
resolving process. That is what is used to generate all the rules which are then
passed on to the dependency solver.
In order to improve performance, Composer tries to optimize this `Pool` by removing useless
package information early on.

If all goes well, you should never notice any issues with it but in case you run into
an unexpected result such as an unresolvable set of dependencies or conflicts where you
think Composer is wrong, you might want to disable the optimizer by using the environment
variable `COMPOSER_POOL_OPTIMIZER` and run the update again like so:

```shell
COMPOSER_POOL_OPTIMIZER=0 php composer.phar update
```

Now double check if the result is still the same. It will take significantly longer and use
a lot more memory to run the dependency resolving process.

If the result is different, you likely hit a problem in the pool optimizer.
Please [report this issue](https://github.com/composer/composer/issues) so it can be fixed.
